Open ankle fractures are uncommon (3-6%) among all ankle fractures. Emerging trends show that the incidence of low-energy open ankle fractures is prevalent in older women. The mechanism of open fracture management continues to pose difficulties for orthopaedic surgeons. A simple fall is responsible for just under half of all fractures caused by motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Despite technological advancements and surgical methods, infectious and non-infectious rates remain problematic. The mainstay of care is to combine antibiotic therapy with thorough irrigation and debridement. To prevent additional soft tissue and vascular damage, these fractures must be stabilized immediately, preferably with an external fixator. When the residual infection has cleared and the soft tissue envelope is adequate, do a definitive open reduction and internal fixation, adapting the procedure to the patient and type of fracture. Functional outcomes could be enhanced by taking safeguards against preventable comorbidities to reduce postoperative complications.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the two cruciate ligaments that helps to strengthen the knee joint. It is a common knee injury, which often occurs in sports players. There is no bias against age or gender; however, it has been suggested in literature that women are at increased risk of secondary ACL injury. These injuries can have serious consequences for an injured athlete, including high medical costs, long off playing time, and an elevated chance of developing early osteoarthritis. Recurrent ACL injuries are described as injuries that occur in the same knee which has been previously treated. A recurrent ACL may be the result of a severe injury to the same position, graft failure, or an improper surgical procedure. Studies have reported significant prevalence of recurrent ACL. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the epidemiology of recurrent ACL injuries. Athletes returning to sports field within two years of injury have higher chance of recurrent ACL injury. Variable prevalence of recurrent ACL injuries is reported in literature and limited studies are available. The young age, high level of exposure to physical activity, and the use of allograft all increase the chances of further ACL injury. Future population-based epidemiological studies can be beneficial and are need of time.