Bloodstream infections are severe complications in children with leukemia during chemotherapy and represent a major public health problem. The purpose of this study is to investigate patterns of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infection in children with leukemia during chemotherapy and to provide a rational basis for the use of antibiotics to reduce bacterial resistance. This study was conducted at the Centre for Hematology and Oncology of the children's Protection Teaching Hospital in the Medical City in Baghdad between January and December 2021. We registered children aged under 18 with leukemia and undergoing chemotherapy. A total of 197 bloodstream infection episodes were diagnosed in 165 children. Gram-positive bacteria are the most frequent pathogens (58%) (Staphylococcus aureus 22.8% was the predominant pathogen followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis 13.7%). Among Gram-negative isolates (38%), E. coli 15.2%was the most prevalent isolate followed by pseudomonas aeruginosa 11.7%). The most common isolate of fungi (4%) was candida. albicans 2%.During testing the bacterial pathogen to empirical antibiotics we did find multidrug resistance among bacterial groups. The Gram-positive isolates showed a high resistance rate to oxacillin (99%) and a low resistance rate to Linezolid (6%)while Gram-negative isolates exhibited( 100%) resistance to Ampicillin and the least resistance(5%) to cefoxitin. The incidence of bloodstream infection in children with leukemia is caused by multidrug-resistant organisms, without changes during different chemotherapy phases. Further study is needed to reduce this infection and antibiotic sensitivity tests are essential to avoid bacterial resistance and improve advanced therapeutic prophylaxis strategies.

No abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of organisms isolated from diabetic foot ulcers.Pus and debrided tissue samples from 46 patients with diabetic foot ulcers collected and processed.Bacterial isolates were identified by using different microscopical examination, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Sensitivity tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of 46 patients , male (73.9%) were found to be affected and develop foot infection more than female (26.1%) while type two diabetes mellitus (65.2%) more susceptibility for infection than type one (34.8%).Gram- negative bacteria were most frequently isolated (42%), followed by gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes (30.4% and 27.6% respectively).Predominant aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%) and Peptostreptococcus spp (8.6%), respectively. All the microorganisms isolated showed high resistance to used antibiotics; susceptibility of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to ceftizoxime was (100%), so we suggest this drug for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Infection of burn wounds is a serious problem leading to death and need critical care.The purpose of this study is to identify common microorganisms isolated from blood and wound in the first week of post burn infections and assess their susceptibility to the commonly used antibacterial agents.Blood and wound swabs from 62 patients with burn wound infections were collected on Third and Sixth day of post burn infections.The microorganisms were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods. Susceptibility test were performed by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of 62 patients, female (62.9%) were found to be affected more than males (37.1%) while (53.2%) of the patients were paediatric and the remaining (46.8%)were adults. The flame burn was the predominant cause of burn among patients; (51.6%) had flame burns, (33.9%) a scald, and (14.5%) had an electrical burn.It was found that predominant aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.3%)and Bacteroides spp.(4.8%), respectively. While Candida tropicalis (0.8%) was the most common fungal organi followed by Candida albicans (0.4%). In most of the cases, the same microorganisms were found in blood and pus samples. All the bacterial isolates showed high resistance to used antibiotics.Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic followed by Meropenem and Ceftriaxone.

Bacillus species are the predominant soil bacteria because of their resistant endospore   formation and can produce many different antimicrobial substances.             The main aim of this study was to isolate Bacillus species from soil and investigate their antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi isolated from human.             48 soil samples were collected from different region of Baghdad city (Rashidiya, Mahmudiyah, Alkraat and Aldora) during December 2015 and analyzed for the presence of Bacillus species. Bacterial isolates were identified by using different microscopical examination, cultural characteristics, biochemical tests and confirmed by VITEK 2 bacterial identification system. The antimicrobial effects of Bacillus species extracts against some pathogenic bacteria (Gram-positive, Gram-negative) and fungi were examined. The identified Bacillus species included B.  polymyxa, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B.  mycoides, B.  firmus and B.  subtilis.             The results indicate that the bacterial isolates showed antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria and fungi. B. polymyxa showed best activity against most test organisms compare to other Bacillus isolates, follow by B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. firmus and B. mycoides.            This study reveals that some Bacillus species have the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds that can be used to control microbial infections in future.