Aerogels have been steadily developed since its first invention to become one of the most promising materials for various medical and non-medical applications. It has been prepared from organic and inorganic materials, in pure forms or composites. Cellulose-based aerogels are considered one of the promising materials in biomedical applications due to their availability, degradability, biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity compared to conventional silica or metal-based aerogels. The unique properties of such materials permit their utilization in drug delivery, biosensing, tissue engineering scaffolds, and wound dressing. This review presents a summary of aerogel development as well as the properties and applications of aerogels. Herein, we further discuss the recent works pertaining to utilization of cellulose-based aerogels for antibacterial delivery.

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Numerous bacteria expose to different materials every day. Bacterial genome mainly composed of a single double-stranded circular DNA molecule, which can easily undergo changes or mutations upon the exposure to many substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic effect in term of growth rate and antibiotic sensitivity of some natural and petroleum based materials on Staphylococcus aureus. Exposure to each of Bunsen and acetone lower the growth rate of bacterial cells compared to diesel and engine oil that dramatically stimulate their growth. Tobacco based products and the low concentrations of tea and coffee accelerate the growth. The high concentrations of caffeine inhibit the bacterial growth. Wild type bacteria was sensitive to most of used antibiotic and gained resistance to many of them after the exposure to the petroleum products. Similarly, tobacco and tea, which accelerate the growth of cells, make them also completely resistant to the antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of cell walls. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that even natural products can induce bacterial gene mutations such as antibiotic resistance.

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