Deletion in the 3p21 region, the chromosomal location of BAP1, has been reported in a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), biliary and pancreatic cancers. This suggests that BAP1 could play a role in the pathogenesis of these tumors. We assessed the frequency of BAP1 loss by immunohistochemistry in 103 hepatic, biliary and pancreatic cancers. We also assessed chromosomal alterations in the BAP1 region in the same tumors by genotyping. We identified high frequency 4/8 (50%) of BAP1 loss in intrahepatic cholangicarcinoma (ICC). However the frequency was lower in HCC 9/51 (17.6%), pancreatic 1/42(2.4%) and extrahepatic biliary cancers (0/2). Loss of heterozygosity of at least one marker from the 3p21 region was observed in 75% of ICC, 52.9% of HCC and 45.2% of pancreatic cancers. Expression of hepatocytic (HepPar1) and bile duct (cytokeratin 7) markers were common (7/9, 77.8%) in the HCC tumors with loss or decrease of BAP1 compared with those with preserved BAP1 (18/42, 42.9%), (Fisher exact p = 0.0751). Our results confirm the high frequency of BAP1 alterations in ICC and low frequency in pancreatic cancers. It also suggests that BAP1 is commonly altered in a subtype of HCC with both hepatocytic and biliary differentiation. Further studies of the therapeutic implications of our findings are warranted.

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Breast cancer is among the most common malignant tumors. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. While mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes confer risk of developing breast cancer. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) IGF-1 and IGF-2 are associated with the development and progression of breast cancer. Curcumin is a polyphenol natural product isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. For centuries, curcumin has been used in medicinal preparations and as a food colorant. In recent years, Curcumin, has been reported to have anticancer and chemoprevention effects on breast cancer. Particularly, curcumin has been recognized as an effective anticancer agent that regulates multiple intracellular signaling pathways. This study is designed to investigate the effect of curcumin on gene targeting metabolism on breast cancer.To achieve this aim we conducted the study on MCF-7 cell lines, and evaluate the cytotoxicity of different concentration of curcumin by MTT assay, RNA extracted from MCF-7 cell lines by Qiagen method and reverse transcriptase to cDNA finally quantification of the expression of genes (IGF-1, IGF-2 and BRCA1) by Real time PCR (RT-PCR).The results showed that different concentration of curcumin make inactivation for genes related to breast cancer (IGF1, IGF2 and BRCA1) and can stop the breast cancer pathway. 16 SALWA MOHAMED et al.Conclusively, breast cancer is among the most common malignant tumors. It is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women in the world. Curcumin, an active derivative from turmeric, has been investigated to have anticancer and chemoprevention effects on breast cancer.in this study different concentrations of curcumin influence the expression of gene targeting metabolism on breast cancer and make inactivation to it which may lead to stopping the breast cancer pathway.Our data demonstrated that curcumin could be used as the treatment of breast cancer.