A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 2008 and 2009 at Instructional Farm of NDUA&T , Kumarganj , Faizabad (U.P.) to study the effect of phosphorus, sulphur and PSB on growth attributes, yield and nutrient uptake by mungbean. The experiment consisted of four levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P₂O₅ha⁻¹), three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg S ha⁻¹) and two levels of seeds inoculation with PSB (un-inoculation and inoculation ). Results revealed that the increasing levels of phosphorus up to 60 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹, sulphur up to 40 kg S ha⁻¹ and inoculation of seed with PSB increased the plant height, number of pods plant⁻¹, number of seeds pod⁻¹, seed and stover yield and uptake of N, P and S. The net return also increased with increasing levels of phosphorus and inoculation of seeds with PSB. Application of 20 kg S/ha fetched highest net return of mungbean.

The practice of agriculture is several thousand years old and faces many challenges worldwide. Among the pulse crops, the production of chickpea is one of most important thrust research area needs to be addressed seriously. Plethora of research investigations has been made to cover the various aspect of combined effect of plant growth regulators, organics and nutrients in the growth, physiological, biochemical, quality and yield characteristics of pulse crops which include length, fresh and dry weight of root, leaf number, leaf area, leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR), chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity (NR), carbonic anhydrase activity (CA), nutrient accumulation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, leg haemoglobin, protein and carbohydrate content and various other growth, yield and quality parameters. So the present review indicates that the process of growth and development, in addition to the yield and quality of plants is highly affected by the plant growth regulators, organics along with sulphur in stress and non-stressful circumstances critically to a greater extent.

An experiment was laid out with a target to enhance the performance of gram by the foliar spray of a minute amount of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate (P and S each at 2 kg/ha were sprayed in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) treatment i.e., spray or soaking or P and S solution at 0.1%) with or without the seed priming of GA 3 (10 -6 M GA 3 for 8h) and/ or the GA 3 foliar application (10 -6 M GA 3 at 60-70 DAS). Monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate each at 2 kg/ha were foliage applied in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the GA 3 . Prior to sowing, total seeds were categorised into two groups; one group of seeds was primed in 0.0M GA 3 and the other was primed in 10 -6 M GA 3 aqueous solution, each for 8 hours. Total 16 treatments with 10 best combinations of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate with GA 3 are possible viz., F PS , S GA + F P , S GA + F S , S GA + F PS , F GAP , F GAS , F GAPS, S GA + F GAP , S GA + F GAS and S GA + F GAPS . The combined application of monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate with GA 3 stimulated seed yield per plant, total protein and carbohydrate content at 130 DAS, along with other parameters at the 80 and 90 DAS.

Economics of pulse production is still in its infancy, even though literature on the subject has grown in tandem with the volume of business and attention received by the export-import culture, consumed and traded amount. With a distinct shift in the trend of chickpea production within India and obtained high yield productivity, new constraints have cropped up in the productivity sector of chickpea. In spite of these constraints, innovations in chickpea production have come up; for example, low input livelihood pulse based agriculture systems, sustainable and ecological agriculture, etc. in many parts of the world. These have a definite bearing on the long-run payoffs from small-scale agriculture. Moreover, Chickpea production in tropical countries has been found to be economically viable as a farm diversification strategy and as an independent commercial activity, turning our attention on bio-economic modelling. Cross-price effects of chickpea based agriculture products, effects of trade and non-trade barriers on these products, potential conflicts between the development of chickpea production for export and agriculture for subsistence consumption are the other serious concerns that need to be addressed. With the ever-increasing demand for varietal items based on chickpea in the international market, more research on demand-elasticities and its analysis would be appropriate, especially in the Indian context for the evaluation of the current status and prediction of future scenario of chickpea production. Evaluation of the prevalent chickpea based agriculture technologies can be strengthened by specific farm technical-efficiency studies, which is another area that demands attention in the chickpea economics research. To address such leads and lags, global pulse economists in the country need to take up these challenges by having real time field exposure to different segments of chickpea production.