Background: With increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, primary health care physicians are the main providers of diabetes care and their knowledge, attitudes and practices are important to achieve goals in diabetes management. Objectives: Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of primary health care physicians regarding management of diabetes. To find-out gaps between the practices of primary health care physicians and the already established national and international guidelines. Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted on 144 primary health care physicians working in a randomly chosen primary health care centers in Al Garbia Governorate. Data collected concerning knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary care physicians regarding diabetes management. Results: The study included 144 primary health care physicians working in 38 primary health care centers in Gharbia governorate. About two thirds (95) of the studied physicians were working in rural areas and the rest (49) in urban ones. As regards years since graduation, fifty three of the studied physicians were graduated <5 years and the rest (91) were graduated ≥5 years. Concerning relevant certifications or training courses, about three fourths (106) had relevant past experiences while one fourth (38) had no such experiences. Urban primary care physicians had higher percentage of correct knowledge than the rural ones as regards diagnosis, complications and managements of DM (p value <0.05). Primary care physicians with increased years of practice and who attended relevant training courses had favorable attitude and practices as regards counseling and regular examination of diabetic patients (p value <0.05). Conclusion: The current study revealed a shortage of knowledge, attitude and practices of primary health care physicians as regards management of diabetes. The defect in knowledge and unfavourability of attitude and inappropriateness of practices are obvious in family physicians working in the rural health care facilities, those without relevant experience and those graduated less 5 years.
Aims: To assess the clients` satisfaction towards childhood immunization service among parents having children aged less than 2 year in primary health care settings, and to highlight barriers affecting client satisfaction with immunization services in primary health care facilities. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Three primary health care facilities in Tanta Egypt; Said Health Care Center, Elragdia Health Care Unit, and Mahalet Rouh Health Care Unit, between March 2021 and April 2022. Methodology: We included 400 clients coming to the primary health care facilities during the vaccination sessions of their children less than 2 years of age. Participants’ data were collected using a pre-designed interviewing validated questionnaire sheet through interview that assessed the sociodemographic data, knowledge, satisfaction, and barriers toward the childhood vaccination. Results: In this study, the majority (87.8%) were recruited from Said Health Care Center. The clients, ages ranged from 19 to 70 years, with the highest percentage in the age group of 20 – <40 (78.3%). The clients’ knowledge score ranged from 1 to 9, with a median of 7 denoting an overall good knowledge. The highest percentage of clients in Said Health Care Center dissatisfied (78.9%) while the highest portion of clients in Elragdia Health Care Unit and Mahalet Rouh Health Care Unit satisfied (75% and 60%, respectively). The relation to child, level of education, health care facility, followed by marital status, income, residence, child sex, total knowledge score, and child age were found to be statistically significant predictors for the satisfaction, with P values of 0.002, 0.004, <0.001, 0.006, <0.001, <0.001, 0.01, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively. Conclusion: An overall good knowledge as shown among caregivers attending for children vaccination. The least satisfaction rates were noted in the Urban Health Care Center. Clients’ knowledge beside some sociodemographic data significantly affected clients’ satisfaction.
Background: Breastfeeding counseling is an effective public health intervention to increase rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding. This work aimed to study the effect of breastfeeding education, continued support, and mothers' counseling on initiation and continuation of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 176 mothers and their infants who were divided into two equal groups (control group): received the routine health education service as regards breastfeeding, and (intervention group): received the routine service in addition to continued support on initiation and continuation of exclusive breastfeeding. Results: There was a significant difference between the two studied groups as regard duration of exclusive breastfeeding, mean of this duration and period of follow-up (P=0.000). There was highly significant difference between the two studied groups as regards method of communication and length of the period of follow-up (p<0.001). There was non-significant difference between the two studied groups as regards socio-demographic characteristics of the infants and progress of the nutritional status by the type of measurement by the period of follow-up. Conclusions: Skilled breastfeeding counseling as part of comprehensive breastfeeding policies and programs in health facilities can increase the duration of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months. In addition, the ongoing individualized support and counseling can solve most of the problems that face mothers during breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding does not significantly affect an infant's weight or length, but without doubt, can improve the nutritional status of malnourished infants.
Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is intermittent urinary incontinence during sleep at children aged five years old or more after exclusion of organic diseases. NE has a negative impact on life quality of children and their families. The aim of this work was to find out the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis and its socio-behavioral risk factors among primary school children in Abo Homous, Elbehira, Egypt. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried-out in Abo Homos, Elbehira governorate. It included (106) primary schools with total number of (65,045) students distributed over 52 urban and 54 rural schools. Data were collected via a predesigned self-administered questionnaire sheet; part 1: Questions related to students as [Age, gender, demographic and student characteristics, student’s diseases], part 2 [Questions to assess familial factors] and part 3 [Question to assess criteria of NE in the studied population]. Results: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 13.9%. Nocturnal enuresis was observed more in younger age groups of 6 and 7 years 23.2% & 21.2% respectively. There was no statistically significant association as regard age, gender or residence. Urinary tract infection, constipation, and caffeine beverages consumption significantly associated with NE. Family history of NE was positive in 29.1% of cases. Deep sleep and exposure to school or home (problems/violence) related significantly with occurrence of NE. Level of education and work status of parents, number of persons per room, and socioeconomic status significantly associated with occurrence of NE. Conclusions: Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis is significantly associated with younger age, urinary tract infection, constipation, and caffeine beverages consumption, deep sleep, exposure to school or home (problems/violence), level of education and work status of parents, number of persons per room, and socioeconomic status.
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