The CA hybrid membrane with enhanced anti‐fouling property and higher permeability was prepared by nonsolvent induced phase separation method combined with chemical reaction. The impacts of different solvents (N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N, N‐ Dimethylacetamide, Dimethyl sulfoxide and N, N‐Dimethylformamide), organic acids (citric acid/fumaric acid) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on the separation performance and thermal stability of CA hybrid membranes were investigated. Results showed that the introduction of organic acids to membrane matrix caused asymmetry in the membrane structure with more uniform pore size distribution and higher porosity (82.5%). This is attributed to the production of CO2 bubbles by a reaction between organic acid in the casting solution and salt in the coagulation bath. Meanwhile, a tremendous rise in anti‐fouling property (from 89.7% to 94%), pure water flux (from 329.7 to 821.5 L/m2 h) and permeation flux (from 265.8 to 546.3 L/m2 h) indicates a significant improvement in the hydrophilicity and the permeability of prepared membranes. In addition, a significant improvement in thermal stability (by 90°C) was achieved owing to the formation of dative bonds between TiO2 NPs and CA polymer. Therefore, this approach can significantly improve the anti‐fouling property and the separation performance of the CA membrane.
How to fast and efficiently determinate the fouling behavior of the microfiltration membrane has great significance for the industrial membrane application. In this paper, the MF membrane was put on the surface of a gold-coated quartz crystal of QCM to study the adsorption behavior of protein at different conditions. The adsorbed mass increased with the increasing of concentration, ionic strength and temperature while decreased with the increasing of pH. Then the BSA adsorption results were compared with the corresponding membrane flux in dead-end cell at the identical conditions. Furthermore, the BSA adsorption process can be described by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms very well. These results suggested that directly putting the membrane on the surface of a gold-coated quartz crystal of QCM can be used as a rapid and efficient approach to study protein fouling on the membrane surface. This approach using QCM and a small piece of the membrane could yield quantitative information for adsorption kinetics investigation and reduce the workload in large-scale industrial project.
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