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Background Short Birth Interval (SBI) is a public health problem in most low- and lower-middle-income countries. Understanding geographic variations in SBI, particularly SBI hot spots and associated factors, may help intervene with tailored programs. This study identified the geographical hot spots of SBI in Bangladesh and the factors associated with them. `Methods We analyzed women’s data extracted from the 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey and the healthcare facility data extracted from the 2017 Service Provision Assessment. Moran’s I was used to examine the spatial variation of SBI in Bangladesh whereas the Getis-Ord G*i (d) was used to determine the hot spots of SBI. The Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) was used to explore the spatial variation of SBI on explanatory variables. The explanatory variables included in the GWR were selected using the exploratory regression and ordinary least square regression model. Results Data of 5941 women were included in the analyses. Around 26% of the total births in Bangladesh had occurred in short intervals. A majority of the SBI hot spots were found in the Sylhet division, and almost all SBI cold spots were in the Rajshahi and Khulna divisions. No engagement with formal income-generating activities, high maternal parity, and history of experiencing the death of a child were significantly associated with SBI in the Sylhet region. Women’s age of 34 years or less at the first birth was a protective factor of SBI in the Rajshahi and Khulna divisions. Conclusion The prevalence of SBI in Bangladesh is highly clustered in the Sylhet division. We recommend introducing tailored reproductive health care services in the hot spots instead of the existing uniform approach across the country.

Background: The first few years of life is the most crucial period of life as this age is known for accelerated growth and development. Various studies in India have shown that respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections are the leading cause of morbidity in infants. These infectious diseases are affected by several sociodemographic factors such as birth weight, gestational age, birth order, immunization status, day care attendance and socio-economic status of the family.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of department of community medicine MRMC, Kalaburagi from June 2016-October 2016. House to house survey using pre-structured and pretested questionnaire method was done.Results: Out of 104 infants in the present study it was found that majority 53% were females and 49% were males. Majority 61.5% of the infants belonged to low socioeconomic class and majority 54.8% of them were from nuclear families, most 62.5% of the infants had 1-2 siblings in the family and 34.6% had no siblings, 51% of the mothers were illiterate and majority 54.8% of the fathers were literate. Among all the morbidities majority 36.50% had fever. No significant association was found between various social factors.Conclusions: Though no significant association was found between morbidity and socio-demographic factors, but the socio demographic factors which showed more prevalence of morbidity among infants were females, number of siblings in the family and lower socio economic class. As these infants are the future citizens of the country hence their health should be the utmost priority for us and their health needs should be properly addressed.