Aim: Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein have dramatically changed the transmissibility and pathogenicity of the virus. Therefore, we studied the binding affinity of Omicron spike-receptor binding domain (S-RBD) with human ACE2 receptor. Materials & methods: We used pyDockWEB and HADDOCK 2.4 docking for our study. Results: Computational docking indicated higher binding affinity of Omicron S-RBD as compared with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and Delta S-RBD with ACE2. Interface analysis suggested four mutated residues of Omicron S-RBD for its enhanced binding. We also showed decreased binding affinity of Omicron and Delta S-RBDs with monoclonal antibodies. Conclusion: Compared with wild-type SARS-CoV-2, Omicron S-RBD exhibit higher binding with ACE2 and lower affinity against monoclonal antibodies.

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Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Its incidence and mortality have significantly increased during the past few years. Colorectal cancer cells cross-talk with other cells through exosomes in their tumor microenvironment. The miRNAs containing exosomes are responsible for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Multiple studies have shown that exosomal miRNAs are key players in the crosstalk between cancerous, immune, and stromal cells during colorectal cancer development. They help in the establishment of the tumorigenic microenvironment by reprogramming macrophages towards a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. In this review, we discussed various exosomal miRNAs derived both from colorectal cancer cells and macrophages that promote or inhibit cancer aggression. We also discussed various miRNA-based therapeutic approaches to inhibit cancer progression.