In this study, various carburizing compounds charcoal, cow bone, CaCO3 were added as energizer for the carburizing compounds in percentage of 10%. To produce another compound to pack carburized mild steel 1020 AISI for investigates the influence of these compounds on wear resistance. Many Cylindrical specimens for the adhesion wear tests were prepared from the used metal with dimensions (10x20mm) according to ASTM (G99-04) specifications Three Heat Treatment process namely pack Carburizing Quenching, and Tempering were done. Firstly the mild steels specimens are carburized at 925° C for 2hr as soaking time and slow cooling in furnace then carburizing specimens were re heating to 870 °C for half hr. and water Quenching .Tempering was done at 160°C for 1 hour and air cooled. the Carburized and Tempered mild steels are subjected for different kind of test such as Adhesive Wear Test with pin on desk method, Hardness Test were taken using Vickers micro-hardness tester and optical microscope is used for microstructure examination X-ray diffraction for phases observation. The result showed that all carburizing compound were contributed in increasing wear resistance and the compound of cow bone with 10% CaCO3 as energizer had a carburizing case depth of 2.32 mm which gives the highest wear resistance while charcoal compound gives a case depth of 1.1 mm .The work shows that cow bone can be used as compounds and energizer in pack carburization of mild steel. The hardness profile plot of the 90 wt.% 10% caco3 cow bone carburized mild steel was also higher than the other compositions and this value contributed on improvements of wear resistance.

The influence of pack carburizing by different leftover organic materials was studied.Egg shell, dropping flower,orang shell mixed with charcoal, was used as refresher and its effect on corrosion fatigue of low carbon steel 1020 AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) was studied. Carbon steel 1020 originally used for manufacturenumerousdevice parts such as gears, shaft, connecting rod.Severalsamples for the tensile and fatigueexaminationsareequipped from the based metalagreeing toASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)descriptions. Pack carburizing is carried outby charcoal for liberation atomic carbon.The diffusion procedure on selectedsamples were pack carburizing using charcoal with addition leftover organic materialsas energies withratio of30% pack carburizing and at925 for two hours. After that, the samples quenched in water and tempered. Tensile,hardness, microstructures examination were implemented. Corrosion fatigue wascarried by rotating bending device in sea water 3.5% NaCl. The results showed that all carburizing compound causes an improving in corrosion fatigue due to the change in microstructure between the surface of specimens,its core and the comparative residual stress which produce by carburizing process.Egg shell give the high value and charcoal the lower value with respect to the basemetal.

The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of joining plates from aluminum alloy 6061-T6 by friction stir welding method. Plates were prepared to dimensions (200 × 60 × 6) mm by using (CNC) milling machines. The FSW was then applied to join the operated plates by a vertical milling machine using different rotation welding speed of 1000,1200,1400, rpm and linear welding speed of 30 mm/min for the production of many weld joints. Microstructure and micro hardness, tensile, bending, temperature distribution testing were implemented. The results observed that the effect of the increasing of rotating speed for friction stir welding leads to increase the mechanical properties due to the increase of heat input. The best result was obtained at rotational speeds (1400) rpm, the specimens that are welded at 1000 rpm and had decreases in mechanical properties are subjected to ultrasonic peened surface treatment at 1,2,3 passes to improve the mechanical properties of welded joint, Compared to the non-peening weld joint, the mechanical properties increased when the number of ultrasonic peened passes increased due to the surface hardening and compressive residual stresses produced by the ultrasonic peening process.

The influence of pre- shot peening and welding parameters on mechanical and metallurgical properties of dissimilar and similar aluminum alloys AA2024-T3 and AA6061-T6 joints using friction stir welding have been studied. In this work, numbers of plates were equipped from sheet alloys in dimensions (150*50*6) mm then some of them were exposed to shot peening process before friction stir welding using steel ball having diameter 1.25 mm for period of 15 minutes. FSW joints were manufactured from plates at three welding speeds (28, 40, 56 mm/min) and welding speed 40mm/min was chosen at a rotating speed of 1400 rpm for welding the dissimilar pre- shot plates. Tow joints were made at rotational speed of 1000 rpm and welding speed of 40m/min from shot and without shot peening plats. Welding temperature was measured in three zones using thermocouple. Micro hardness (HV) and tensile tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical characteristic of the joints. The results show a decay in mechanical qualities when the welding speed was increased and the best result was at (28) mm/min and the opposite result was obtained when rotational speed increased and pre-shot contributed in improving of this decay at 88% of welding speed (40) mm/min and 98%  at the rotational speed of 1000 rpm.    

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