Gallstone disease, amounts to a significant amount of disease burden to the medical society, more commonly encountered in the West. Various predisposing factors are associated with the development of cholelithiasis, namely age, gender, dietary food habits and haemolytic conditions, but whether or not thyroid dysfunction is a causative factor, till date, is a subject of dispute. Gallstones can be classified into cholesterol stones and pigment stones which are black or brown (with cholesterol) in colour. Thyroid hormones are said to have a direct effect on the sphincter of oddi, thereby aiding in biliary emptying. They also alter the lipid metabolism which is said to cause supersaturation of cholesterol in bile, and hence result in the formation of cholesterol stones. Several studies have tried to establish this hypothesis and have concluded with diversified results. This review article throws light into the concept of the association between thyroid dysfunction and formation of gallstones by evaluating several articles through a systematic approach in order to arrive at a better consensus.

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The incidence of mucormycosis, an invasive fungal disease, is more in the developing countries, especially among the immunocompromised individuals. However, this disease can also occur in those without any predisposing factors. In the developed countries, those undergoing haematopoetic stem cell transplantation were more prone to developing this disease. There can be varied presentations of mucormycosis. It could be rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal or even disseminated forms. Post traumatic mucormycosis is infrequently reported and is often difficult to diagnose earlier due to its unusual presentation. In this case report, we describe two patients who acquired cutaneous mucormycosis following traumatic wounds and how they characteristically presented with 3 zones which was identified by us and has not been reported of earlier. This can help in diagnosis of this condition earlier and to follow the treatment protocol accordingly and prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.