Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Pakistani population and their influence is considerable in patients suffering from kidney diseases and undergoing dialysis (Haemodialysis/ Peritoneal). This study considered the total number of dialysis a patient received and the number of dialysis in a week with the chances of Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B infection. This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in patients undergoing either haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Serum sample was extracted from the blood of 60 patients. All the patients were suffering from either chronic kidney disease or acute renal failure. Screening was performed by strip method, which is based on Immunochromatographic technique for the detection of antibodies against HBsAg and HCV in patients on dialysis (haemodialysis/ peritoneal dialysis). The patients undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis were randomly selected, out of which 43 were males and 17 were females. The association of HCV and HBV infection was calculated in relation to frequency per week of dialysis and total number of dialysis. There is significant correlation between HCV infection and total numbers of haemodialysis a patient has. Increase in the frequency of HCV infection was observed as the number of dialysis increased..

Countries of South East Asia Region have high prevalence rates of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B is a major public health problem of the region, although it varies widely among the countries. In the region, every year approximately 14-16 million people are infected with Hepatitis B Pilaus (HBO. It is estimated that there are 78 million HBV carriers, which is almost 6% of the total population of the region (1.4 billion, 1995). A cross sectional descriptive study conducted by face to face interview on the basis of a structured questionnaire to identify the selected Dentists in Dhaka city from January to June 2010 among the dentists of City Dental College Hospital and Pioneer Dental College Hospital. Total 120 dentists were included purposively from two hospital in Dhaka city. The study was done to determine the proportion of Hepatitis B vaccination among dentists in a selected hospitals, the history of exposure of hepatitis B among the dentist, why a group of dentist could not take hepatitis B vaccine. Among 120 respondents, most of them received vaccine (65.0 %) whereas 35.0% did not take any. Among 79 respondents, 48.1% (38) finished taking the vaccines whereas 51.9% (41) did not finish taking the vaccines. Negligence was found to be the major cause for not taking the vaccine and very few of them think that the prevalence of hepatitis B is high among dentist. Further in depth study could help investigate to explain role of these factors. All health care personnel should be trained up so that they can save themselves and can also motivate their clients, relatives and general population. Time to time special training is orientation courses should be offered to the dentist for improvement of knowledge regarding hepatitis B infection.