Both neurologists and psychiatrists often diagnose posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). This is due to the high rate of craniocerebral trauma (CCT), especially mild; in a patient with a first epileptic seizure, the presence of a history of CCT often leads to an incorrect diagnosis of PTE and inadequate treatment. The article presents our own data and literature review concerning the diagnosis and treatment of PTE.

Insufficiency of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to characteristic motor symptoms in the limbs, axial musculature. A correct evaluation of the oculomotor function in patients with PDshould be conducted taking into account the interaction of the visual and vestibular systems. When studying vertical oculomotor reflexes in patients with PD, close attention is required to study the state of the functional system of the "eyelid", which adapts the movements of the eyelids to the movements of the eyeball. The distinctive features of the nystagmic cycles themselves in patients with PD caused by optoclinic stimulation, namely the change in the ratio of the duration of the fast and slow phases of the nystagmus, are revealed.