Revision ACL reconstruction with autograft affords satisfactory long-term outcomes. Expectations should be carefully managed in patients with increasing age associated with severe chondral damage and previous medial meniscectomy.

Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has been demonstrated to successfully recover function to shoulders impaired by arthrosis and rotator cuff insufficiency. Long-term survival depends on the correct positioning of glenoid components and secure bone fixation. Computed tomography (CT)-based intraoperative navigation has proven to be an effective technique for successful TSA procedures. This paper presents a review of CT-based intraoperative navigation considering its advantages and disadvantages. The crucial factors that contribute to the success of this technique are glenoid component positioning, operative duration, and screw selection, which are detailed in this review.

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The Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS part A and B) is a mandatory examination that is required by all trainees to enter the surgical speciality training programme in the United Kingdom. Students and clinicians alike often find it a struggle to succeed in passing these exams given the breadth and depth of knowledge required across a spectrum of surgical sciences. There are several factors contributing to success, including ethnic background, number of attempts, and medical school performance. Studies have also shown that a marker of success for Part B was influenced by the Part A performance. During the COVID-19 peak, the MRCS Part A written exam has had its format changed to an online exam reflecting the policy surrounding social distancing. Due to this, the pass mark has become more difficult to attain compared to traditional face-to-face settings. As such, many trainees are finding it more difficult to succeed in the exam, leading to more emphasis on more thorough preparation for exams. This can be in the form of courses, textbooks, and using more of the online question banks. The Basic Sciences and Clinical Application for MRCS A Course is organised by the Doctors Academy group and details an intensive and interactive three-day revision course held intermittently throughout the year in Cardiff, Wales multiple times a year. Delivered by an expert faculty, it aims to provide maximum preparation in the lead up to the MRCS Part A exam with emphasis on retaining high-yield knowledge and application of key exam revision techniques. We reviewed the post-course surveys from 2019 to 2021 and found that the majority of attendees found the course content to be excellent and relevant to the exams. These questions were a mandatory part of the course and reflect a variety of training grades from foundation to core training/speciality training (CT1/2 to ST1/2). Overall, candidates found that this course aided their exam preparation immensely and contributed to passing.

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