This study examined knowledge and awareness regarding HIV and AIDS among pregnant women in Butwal, Nepal. Pregnant women were selected using a systematic random sampling method from the antenatal care registry at every 5th and 10th interval. Although 80% of women mentioned unprotected sexual contact as the major route of HIV transmission, only 36.7% women knew that HIV can be transmitted from the infected mothers to their babies. Approximately half of the women (53.0%) mentioned foreign employees as a vulnerable group for HIV infection, followed by multiple sexual partners (41.0%), intravenous drug users (40.0%), commercial sex workers (35.0%), and labor migrants (25.0%). Although 71.7% women knew that proper use of a condom could easily prevent HIV transmission, few women knew other preventive ways (such as use of disposable syringes). Implementation of effective health education programs on HIV infection is needed for pregnant women in the study area.

This study explores the connection between the capital market and Nepal's GDP growth from 1994 to 2002. The study examines how capital market performance affects the GDP growth of Nepal. The ARDL approach was used to examine the capital market's long-term effect on economic growth. To this extent, variables like market capitalization, gross fixed capital formation as investment, broad money supply, the NEPSE Index, the number of listed companies in NEPSE, and recurring expenditures were used in the system, affecting GDP growth. According to the study,  the correlation shows the presence of a strong linkage between the capital market and GDP growth in Nepal. Findings show that the capital market has a significant influence on GDP growth. Negative and significant error correction terms indicate how quickly shocks and equilibrium are corrected. Some of the variables are insignificant in the short and long run, indicating the presence of structural and institutional lacks in Nepal's capital markets.