SUMMARY: Adenomatous intestinal hyperplasia was diagnosed in two dams and five young guinea pigs. The pathological condition was characterized by diarrhea and the thickened, rugose jejunum and ileum. Adenomatous proliferation of immature crypt epithelial cells was observed primarily in the ileum and the distal part of the jejunum. Immature epithelial cellss contained various numbers of intracytoplasmic, non-membrane bound, curved organisms resembling Campylobacter sp. bacteria.

Background: World population is not only aging but suffering from serious chronic illnesses, requiring an increasing need for end-of-life care. However, studies show that many healthcare providers involved in the care of dying patients sometimes express challenges in knowing when to stop non-beneficial investigations and futile treatments that tend to prolong undue suffering for the dying person. Objective: To evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms that show end-of-life is imminent in individuals with advanced illness. Design: Narrative review. Methods: Computerized databases, including PubMed, Embase, Medline,CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar were searched from 1992 to 2022 for relevant original papers written in or translated into English language that investigated clinical signs and symptoms of imminent death in individuals with advanced illness. Results: 185 articles identified were carefully reviewed and only those that met the inclusion criteria were included for review. Conclusion: While it is often difficult to predict the timing of death, the ability of healthcare providers to recognize the clinical signs and symptoms of imminent death in terminally-ill individuals may lead to earlier anticipation of care needs and better planning to provide care that is tailored to individual’s needs, and ultimately results in better end-of-life care, as well as a better bereavement adjustment experience for the families.

No abstract