In the current research, Magnesium oxide II (MnO2) nanostructures were prepared by chemical route from hydro manganese chloride salt using Potassium hydroxide as reducing agent. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) used to characterize both particle size and structure of MnO2 nanoparticles. XRD results confirmed impurity of synthesized powder with α-MnO2 as predominant phase. The average particle size of manganese dioxide was in the range 25 -30 nm. Photographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed two hierarchical structures, cluster agglomeration and chain appearance.

Membranes have gained an important place in chemical technology and are used in a wide range of applications. This investigation has studied the effect of operating conditions such as temperature, trans-membrane pressure and solute concentration on the separation performance of (PVC/ PS) hollow fiber membrane, which was prepared in the laboratory from 15% (PVC) and 2% (PS) using phase inversion method. An attempt was done to investigate the ability of PVC/PS hollow fiber membrane for ultrafiltration application. A (PVP) solute was used to measure (PVP) rejection of prepared membrane.The predicted flux was found to increase from (18.88 l/m 2 .hr) to 33.05 l/m 2 .hr) when the operation temperature was increased from (10℃) to (30℃).While it increased from (28.57 l/m 2 .hr) to (263.36 l/m 2 .hr) when the operation pressure was increased from (1bar) to (3bar). It was also found to decrease from(17.97 l/m 2 .hr) to (12.20 l/m 2 .hr) with increase solute concentration from (1000ppm) to (2500ppm). The rejection efficiency was equal to (99.93%) when using (2500ppm) solute. This is considered within UF range.

In this work, ZnO nanostructures for powder ZnO were synthesized by Hydrothermal Method. Size and shape of ZnO nanostructureas can be controlled by change ammonia concentration. In the preparation of ZnO nanostructure, zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn(NO3)2·6H2O] was used as a precursor. The structure and morphology of ZnO nanostructure have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The synthesized ZnO nanostructures have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Also using Zeta potential and Particle Size Analyzers and size distribution of the ZnO powder

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