When approximating multidimensional partial differential equations, the values of the grid functions from neighboring layers are taken from the previous time layer or approximation. As a result, along with the approximation discrepancy, an additional discrepancy of the numerical solution is formed. To reduce this discrepancy when solving a stationary elliptic equation, parabolization is carried out, and the resulting equation is solved by the method of successive approximations. This discrepancy is eliminated in the approximate analytical method proposed below for solving two-dimensional equations of parabolic and elliptic types, and an exact solution of the system of finite difference equations for a fixed time is obtained. To solve problems with a boundary condition of the first kind on the first coordinate and arbitrary combinations of the first, second and third kinds of boundary conditions on the second coordinate, it is proposed to use the method of straight lines on the first coordinate and ordinary sweep method on the second coordinate. Approximating the equations on the first coordinate, a matrix equation is built relative to the grid functions. Using eigenvalues and vectors of the three-diagonal transition matrix, linear combinations of grid functions are compiled, where the coefficients are the elements of the eigenvectors of the three-diagonal transition matrix. Boundary conditions, and for a parabolic equation, initial conditions are formed for a given combination of grid functions. The resulting one-dimensional differential-difference equations are solved by the ordinary sweep method. From the resulting solution, proceed to the initial grid functions. The method provides a second order of approximation accuracy on coordinates. And the approximation accuracy in time when solving the parabolic equation can be increased to the second order using the central difference in time. The method is used to solve heat transfer problems when the boundary conditions are expressed by smooth and discontinuous functions of a stationary and non-stationary nature, and the right-hand side of the equation represents a moving source or outflow of heat.

Although traditional and idempotent mathematics are "parallel'', by an application of the category theory we show that objects obtained the similar rules over traditional and idempotent mathematics must not be "parallel''. At first we establish for a compact metric space X the spaces P(X) of probability measures and I(X) idempotent probability measures are homeomorphic ("parallelism''). Then we construct an example which shows that the constructions P and I form distinguished functors from each other ("parallelism'' negation). Further for a compact Hausdorff space X we establish that the hereditary normality of I₃(X)\ X implies the metrizability of X.