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The recent trends and current state of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suggested their potential for practical applications. Since their origin, organic−inorganic lead halide (MAPbX 3 ) perovskite material-based PSCs have been widely attractive to the scientific community due to their simple manufacturing process, high performance, and cost effectiveness. In spite of the high performance, the lead halide perovskite solar cells are still agonizing due to the long-term stability and toxic nature of Pb. In the last 4 years or so, many alternative perovskite or perovskite-like materials were explored for the development of Pb-free PSCs. However, antimony (Sb)-based perovskite-like materials have shown enhanced stability and average photovoltaic performance. In this mini-review, we discuss the fabrication, recent trends, and current state of the Sb-based PSCs.

Although traditional perovskite solar cells have made tremendous progress in terms of efficiency, the presence of toxic lead has restricted their commercialization. Herein, we report the first example of a facile synthesis and a newly designed highly stable lead free methylammonium bismuth chloride in the form of 1D-polymeric chain based perovskite. The formation of a 1D-polymeric chain with formula [(CH3NH3)3Bi2Cl9] n (1) has been authenticated by its single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. The lead free 1 has been employed as an alternative to the traditional CH3NH3PbX3 perovskite with an excellent open circuit voltage of 430 mV.

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Despite achieving a higher efficiency, lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from leakage of highly toxic Pb into the atmosphere. On the contrary, methyl ammonium bismuth halide (MBI) has gained enormous attention as a light absorber because of its low toxicity and air stability. Herein, we developed high-performance, lead-free PSCs by employing a modified two-step deposition method with FTO/CL-TiO 2 /m-TiO 2 /MBI/Spiro-MEOTAD/Au device architecture [where FTO: fluorine doped tin oxide; MBI: (MA) 3 Bi 2 I 9 ; MEOTAD: 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene]. The PSCs fabricated by the two-step deposition method showed a good power-conversion efficiency of 0.41 %, along with a high open circuit voltage of 870 mV, and were found to be highly stable up to 60 days under atmospheric conditions (humidity~40-50 %). The film quality of the MBI was found to be superior by introducing modified two-step deposition method over one-step deposition.