The study is designed to identify the determinants of profitability in the insurance industry of Pakistan. The panel data set of 41 insurance companies (life, non-life, and takaful insurance) from 2007-2017 was employed. Hausman's specification and Breusch-Pagan Lagrange multiplier (LM) tests have selected the most appropriate test i.e. fixed effect and pooled OLS model for this study. The results of pooled OLS and fixed effect model reveal that insurance specific and macroeconomic factor like leverage, business risk, and inflation rate are negative but significantly affect the profitability of the insurance sector. However, size and GDP rate has a positive and statistically significant influence on profitability. Liquidity and growth are insignificant determinants of the study. This is the first study that covers the entire insurance industry, which is also composed of the takaful industry, along with firm-specific and country-specific attributes and applies the most suitable models for the study. Thus, this study is very important for top-echelon and policy-makers of the insurance sector of Pakistan regarding the profitability of the firm and wealth of the shareholders.

To study Bangladesh in growing economy is a good topic for study. There are two side of the study of Corporate Governance on is the wealthy economic situation and second side increases queries regarding the sustainability. It will be mentioned that from last 30 thirty years, the gross national product of Bangladesh is notable expedition. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) progress of Bangladesh is exception is 5.69 from 1994 to 2016 and going to improving to 7.10 in 2019. The Bangladesh government keep a target till 2021 for the achieving the Middle Income Country (MIC) position in the world economic by Abstract: Corporate governance study is growing rapidly as compliance with corporate governance is mandatory. Multiple questions rose regarding measurement of Corporate Governance Practices. In this study, the authors argue whether the Corporate Governance characteristics influence the firm performance of Non-Financial Firms in Bangladesh. In this study, three types of industries like pharmaceutical, cement, and food were analyzed from the Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh for the period of 2010 to 2019. The authors used the diagnostic test on data that argued that the model is better, like the fixed effect model or random-effect model for analysis. Multiple regression based methodology was developed to use fixed-effect model for both dependent variables Return on Assets and Tobin-Q variables to discover the association between Corporate Governance and Firm Performance. It is concluded that Board Size, Board Gender, Board Experience and firm size have significant the ROA and Chief Executive Duality, Board Size, Board Gender, Board Experience, and Firm size have significant with Tobin-Q.

The study aims to seek the internal factors that affect the profitability of banks in Pakistan from a period of 2009 to 2013 by using two proxies i.e. Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The panel data of fifteen banks have been obtained from the financial statements of the banks. Therefore, Hausman test has verified that random effect model is most appropriate model for Return on Assets (ROA), conversely fixed effect model is prominent for Return on Equity (ROE) for the current study. The empirical results confirm that investment to total assets, leverage, Net Performing Loan (NPL) to gross advances, capital ratio and total deposits to total equity are the main determinants of profitability across both proxies (i.e. ROA and ROE). Leverage and capital ratio have significantly negative, however net performing loan to gross advance and total deposit to total equity have significantly positive influence on profitability of banks across both models. Moreover, NPL to gross advance is insignificant determinant of Return on Equity. The results are worthy for bankers and all stakeholders to make strategic decision for the competitiveness of banking sector in Pakistan.