Использование оксида хрома (VI) в качестве сорбента мышьяка из кислых медьсодержащих растворов В статье представлены результаты экспериментов очистки медного электролита от мышьяка оксидом хрома (VI) с использованием вероятностно-детерминированного планирования на четырех уровнях. Помимо этого была произведена математическая обработка результатов и рассчитаны коэффициенты корреляции и их значимости для частных зависимостей степеней осаждения мышьяка. Приведены графические зависимости степени осаждения мышьяка от исследуемых факторов, выведено обобщённое уравнение Протодьяконова. Определены оптимальные условия проведения процесса осаждения мышьяка оксидом хрома (VI). Кратность дозировки осадителя 4; отношение осадителя к мышьяку 2,5:1; температура проведения процесса 25 ºС; концентрация серной кислоты в электролите 200 г/л; время проведения процесса осаждения 15 мин. Показано, что оксид хрома (VI) удаляет мышьяк из медного электролита на 54,25 % при начальной концентрации 9,83 г/л. Ключевые слова: мышьяк, оксид хрома (VI), сорбент, медь, электролит, вероятностно-детерминированное планирование эксперимента, степень осаждения мышьяка.
Investigation of the process of precipitation of arsenic from copper electrolyte with manganese oxide (IV) The work is aimed at researching the process of depositing arsenic from copper electrolyte with manganese oxide (IV) using the method of stochastic determinated design of experiments on four levels. The chosen factors are: the frequency of dispensing of the precipitant; the ratio of precipitant to arsenic; the temperature of process; concentration of sulfuric acid; duration of experiment. Analysis of the partial dependencies of arsenic deposition showed that the increase in the amount of precipitant and the duration of the experiment had a significant influence on the course of the process. IR spectroscopy of precipitation showed the presence of arsenate ions AsO 4 3in them. The kinetic curve of the differential-thermal analysis of the solid sediment characterizes the process of its destruction as a step-wise process-the removal of crystallizated water (from 250 ºС to 350 ºС), the decomposition of manganese hydroarsenate (from 470 ºС to 630 ºС) and manganese arsenate (from 690 ºС to 900 ºС). It is established that the process of formation of manganese arsenate is a result of parallel reactions of interaction of sulfate ions with manganese ions with the formation of a sulfate complex, interaction of the manganese sulphate complex with arsenate ions with the formation of manganese hydroarsenate, and the transition of hydroarsenate to manganese arsenate.
Annotation. The article presents the results of the study of the electrochemical behavior of Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ by voltammetry on stationary solid electrodes. Polarizable working electrodes (copper, titanium) were used for measurements. The value of the half-wave potentials on the titanium electrode shifts to the negative region with an increase in the concentration of ions in the solution, while on the copper one it remains at the same level. The addition of glycine shifts the half-wave potential of both copper and nickel, zinc to the negative region (by 0,07 V for copper, 0,11 V for nickel, 0,12 V for zinc). In the presence of citric acid, the half-wave potential of copper also shifts to a more negative region, while the reduction potentials of copper, nickel and zinc converge, which contributes to their joint electrodeposition. Keywords: copper electrolyte, copper, nickel, zinc, voltammetry, electrodeposition.
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