Millimeter-wave wireless communications with high data transfer and radar system for Pre-Crash Safety System have been developed recently. Cordierite (Mg 2 Al 4 Si 5 O 18 ) is one of the silicates with good millimeter-wave dielectric properties. Cordierite has two polymorphs: cordierite and indialite. Cordierite is of low symmetry form with ordered structure, and indialite is of high symmetry form with disordered structure. In this study, indialite/cordierite glass ceramics are fabricated with good millimeter-wave properties. The Qf values are dependent on the amount of indialite phase and crystallization conditions. Indialite with high symmetry showed higher Qf values than cordierite with low symmetry. This result clearly shows that high symmetry results in high Qf when the samples are prepared under the same crystallization conditions. However, these glass ceramics are very difficult to make under the same conditions because of non-uniform crystallization. These dielectric glass ceramics show high Qf values of >200;000 GHz, low dielectric constant " r ¼ 4:7, and TCf ¼ À27 ppm/ C. #

SummarySingle crystal ZnO nanotube arrays were synthesized at low temperature in an aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine. It was found that the pH value of the reaction solution played an important role in mediating the growth of ZnO nanostructures. A change in the growth temperature might change the pH value of the solution and bring about the structure conversion of ZnO from nanorods to nanotubes. It was proposed that the ZnO nanorods were initially formed while the reaction solution was at a relatively high temperature (~90 °C) and therefore enriched with colloidal Zn(OH)2, which allowed a fast growth of ZnO nanocrystals along the [001] orientation to form nanorods. A decrease in the reaction temperature yielded a supersaturated solution, resulting in an increase in the concentration of OH− ions as well as the pH value of the solution. Colloidal Zn(OH)2 in the supersaturated solution trended to precipitate. However, because of a slow diffusion process in view of the low temperature and low concentration of the colloidal Zn(OH)2, the growth of the (001) plane of ZnO nanorods was limited and only occurred at the edge of the nanorods, eventually leading to the formation of a nanotube shape. In addition, it was demonstrated that the pH might impact the surface energy difference between the polar and non-polar faces of the ZnO crystal. Such a surface energy difference became small at high pH and hereby the prioritized growth of ZnO crystal along the [001] orientation was suppressed, facilitating the formation of nanotubes. This paper demonstrates a new strategy for the fabrication of ZnO nanotubes on a large scale and presents a more comprehensive understanding of the growth of tube-shaped ZnO in aqueous solution at low temperature.

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The microstructural evolution of grain-matrix interfaces in Tic-Fe cermet has been observed and explained in terms of equilibration reaction and interfacial energy minimization. The coherency strain energy is assumed to be the driving force for enhanced dissolution of certain specific planes, which results in a very irregular grain shape. The equilibrium shape appears after heat treatment for a long period. [