The definitive cure for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infection is represented by the eradication of the virus from the patient's body. To reach this result, cells that are infected but do not produce the virus must become recognizable to be killed by the immune system. For this purpose, drugs defined "latency reverting agents" (LRA) that reactivate viral production are under investigation. A few clinical studies have been performed in HIV-infected patients treated with LRA and combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The strategy is thus to combine cART and LRA to reactivate the virus and unmask latently infected cells that, because of cART, cannot produce a fully competent form of the virus. Unmasked cells can present viral antigens to the immune system, that ultimately recognizes and kills such latently infected cells. This review reports and discusses recent studies that have been published on this topic.

Background and Aims: Worldwide, about 350 million people are infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), most of them in Asia. Up to 1 million of them die due to these sequels annually. Few studies have expressed concern about HBV awareness of Iranians young people. As health education programs should be based on awareness of target group about the disease, we conducted a national survey to evaluate health literacy and vaccination status of Iranians young people regarding HBV. The purpose of our study was to find Iranian adolescents' health literacy deficit hepatitis B (HBV) and associated factors. Materials and Methods:We conducted a questionnaire-based national survey of 18-year-old adolescents according to stratified cluster random sampling in Iran during 2007. Results: Assuming 75% as the appropriate awareness, only 21.3% of adolescents had good literacy about hepatitis B. Lower levels of education, living in urban areas, celibacy and male gender were associated with lower health literacy. The health literacy of HBV infected people about major routes of HBV transmission was low (P < 0.001). Conclusion:There are important deficits in adolescents' health literacy about HBV. We should focus on implementing educational campaigns about HBV through media for the Iranian community.