The study aims to identify risks of agrochemicals that impact farmworkers, consumers, and ecology in Vietnamese mango cultivation to enhance safety and friendly production. The study finds out the total numbers of root fertilizers (N-P-K) of the noncooperative and cooperative farmers are similar, approximately 1,400 kg/ha/year higher than those in other countries. Excessive fertilizer usage is a potential threat to soil, water, and air pollution. In addition, the findings indicate that the ecology component is undergoing the most negative impact from excessive agrochemical use in mango farming. The vast majority of agrochemicals in mango cultivation are fungicide and paclobutrazol over 90% of the total number of agrochemicals used in both noncooperative and cooperative farmer groups among the three seasons. Total field EIQ of the cooperative grower category is less than that of the noncooperative grower category. These results show that mango cultivation should consider rejecting the banned active ingredients of glyphosate, paraquat, and carbendazim as well as reducing fungicide and paclobutrazol usage and encouraging cooperative participation to safeguard the environment and human health. Moreover, science information needs to be closely linked and fed back to policy development to boost the management of the awareness of the ecological risks for farmers associated with reducing agrochemical use in mango cultivation.

The paper approached value chain analysis methodology to identify the flow of information and activities between direct and indirect actors at every channel in the supply chain. A simple random technique was used to select 750 sampling observations for the Chu-mango value analysis. The findings indicated 71% of farmers sell their products to collectors, and 18.8% of mango volume is sold to wholesalers. A further 9.2% sell to cooperatives, and a tiny minority (1%) is sold to local retailers. The main role of cooperative and farmer group share farming techniques is to control agrochemical use in the production process of VietGAP, GlobalGAP, traceability code, and providing information on market opportunities to members. Most of collector transacts with farmers and wholesalers are not contractual agreements that are based on a good business relationship and a responsibility to comply with the supply. Wholesaler is pivotal trader in both the output and input partners of actors in the value chain at the regional and national levels. The wholesaler also plays the role of a fresh mango exporter to the Chinese market. The transaction takes place in cash for channel 2, bank transfer for channel 3, and both for channel 4. Processing firms play an essential role in the consumption of Chu-mango grades 3 and 4 of farmers and create value-added products for consumers. However, the percentage of Chumango in exporting enterprises only accounts for a modest proportion of companies' business operations. Most of fresh mango export enterprises must invest in cool sorting systems, packing factories, and vapor heat treatment factories to ensure the tested fresh fruit before exporting. markets for mango are very promising when Vietnam joins trade agreements such as comprehensive and progressive agreement for the trans-Pacific partnership (CPTPP), the European Union Vietnam free trade agreement (EVFTA), and the Asean economic community (AEC). Most import taxes of partners are zero for Vietnamese mangoes and mango products.

The current investigation was carried out both quantitative and qualitative methods in Chau Lang of the Tri Ton district where it is known that 65% of the village's families are Khmer. With the aid of in-person interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire, a semi-structured interview schedule, and an open discussion method, primary data were gathered for the study from 250 sampling observations from various stakeholders, including 105 farmers and 145 intermediaries in various channels. The findings showed that the average cost of production for one kilogram of palm sugar was 5,302 VND. There are three main channels in the marketing chain: Farmers, Middlemen, Wholesalers, Retailers, and Consumers in Channel 1, Farmers, Wholesalers, Retailers and Consumers in Channel 2, and Farmers, Retails, and Consumers in Channel 3. Channel 3 has the greatest marketing efficiency, at 19.52%, followed by Channels 2 and 1, at 18.36% and 15.76%, respectively. Additionally, Channels 1 and 2 have lower monopoly index values than Channel 3, suggesting trader dominance in the marketing of palm sugar products. It also demonstrates how little influence artisans have on the product price. An enterprise that aids artisans in selling palm sugar, Chau Lang village, must grow. In order to encourage the Khmer to continue working in the village as they have done for generations, it is important to find how to help these households and boost the income from palm sugar production. Keywords: Brown Palm Sugar, Production Cost, Marketing Channel, Craftsmen.