Introduction: Drug use evaluation (DUE) is a system of ongoing, systematic criteria based evaluation of drug use that will help ensure that medicines are used appropriately at the individual patient level. Irrational drug use is numerous and complex involving the health system, prescriber, dispenser, patient and the community. Hence, this study was focused on assessing rational drug use using WHO core drug use indicators in Dilchoral Hospital (DH), Eastern Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross sectional study design was used. Data collection formatwere developed according to WHO recommendation and validated to our context. The data was processed and analyzed using EX-Cell sheet as per WHO criteria for drug use evaluation as per standard treatment guideline of Ethiopia. Result: Majority of prescriptions had patient sex (68.00%), age (65.66%), and card number (73.50%). Only small number of prescription had patient weight (1.00%), patient diagnosis (1.16%), and dispenser's signature. Among the total prescribed medicines, (37.50%) were antibiotics, (34.61%) were injections, and more than ninety percent of drugs were written by generic name and use the hospital drug list. Conclusion: Generally according to WHO guideline recommendation, most of the prescribing indicators are lower than the standards. Hence the hospital DTC collaborated with the hospital administration and staff should address the gaps. Dilchora Hospital Drug and Therapeutic committee (DTC) should promote rational prescription and dispensing practice for improved health care service and putting policy and procedure for prescribing antibiotics.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction accounts for majority of endocrine disorders. In sub-Saharan Africa Graves’ disease and hypothyroidism have accounted for 13.1% and 8.8% while the burden of thyroid disorder has ranged from 6.18 to47.34% among countries in the Arab world. The cost for a primary thyroid test done to evaluate the gland function constituted a large proportion of the public health budget. For instance, 10 million thyroid functions have been done each year by laboratories which cost 30 million UK pounds, and they represent 8% of laboratory charge in the US. When a TSH-only protocol (guideline) was used, 95% of the requests were sufficient for diagnosis without requiring further tests, thereby resulting in 50% savings on FT4 reagent and reducing the annual TFT reagent cost by 25%. This is an original study, and its objective was to assess the ordering pattern of TSH tests and their cost-effectiveness in patients’ samples referred to ICL from Addis Ababa health facilities between July2015 to June 2016METHOD: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was utilized to study the ordering pattern of thyroid function tests using one-year retrospective data from ICL.RESULTS: Thyroid profiles were ordered more frequently (49.5%) compared to TSH only (24.3%). An additional 2625.70 USD was paid by patients for individual components in the profile tests that turned out normal.CONCLUSION: Guidelines advocate TSH as the initial test for thyroid dysfunction, but the use of a combination of tests is more common.