There is little research focusing on Adolescence Education Programme (AEP) in India. This paper focuses on developing an understanding about the historical and theoretical perspectives of AEP in India based on the extensive review of literature carried out on the subject. The paper explains the AEP and explores the historical and theoretical perspectives of AEP in India. It also attempts to understand how AEP had its beginning in India by discussing the global as well as national developments responsible for the conceptualization and subsequent implementation of AEP in India. The paper concludes that the introduction of AEP can be linked to concerns for Sex Education and Population Education Programmes initiated in response to demographic changes witnessed in different regions of the world. The paper recommends for sustaining and improving the AEP since it has a great potential to make positive impact among adolescents.