Falls are a relevant economic burden to society. Efforts should be directed to economic evaluations of fall-prevention programmes aiming at reducing fall-related fractures, which contribute substantially to fall-related costs.

We investigated the relation of overweight and obesity with cancer in a population-based cohort of more than 145 000 Austrian adults over an average of 9.9 years. Incident cancers (n ¼ 6241) were identified through the state cancer registry. Using Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for smoking and occupation, increases in relative body weight in men were associated with colon cancer (hazard rate (HR) ratio 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 5.39 for body mass index (BMI) X35 kg m À2 ) and pancreatic cancer (HR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.66 for BMI430 kg m À2 ) compared to participants with normal weight (BMI 18.5 -24.9 kg m À2 ). In women, there was a weak positive association between increasing BMI and all cancers combined, and strong associations with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (HR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.49, 5.49 for BMIX30 kg m À2 ) and cancers of the uterine corpus (HR 3.93, 95% CI: 2.35, 6.56 for BMIX35 kg m À2 ). Incidence of breast cancer was positively associated with high BMI only after age 65 years. These findings provide further evidence that overweight is associated with the incidence of several types of cancer.

the Vorarlberg Health Monitoring and Promotion Program Study GroupBackground-There is evidence from recent studies that ␥-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is likely to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies to date with sufficient sample size and follow-up investigated the association of GGT with CVD mortality. Methods and Results-The relation of GGT to the risk of death from CVD was examined in a cohort of 163 944 Austrian adults that was monitored for up to 17 years. To evaluate GGT as an independent predictor, Cox proportional hazards models were calculated, which adjusted for established risk factors. In both men and women, high GGT was significantly (PϽ0.001) associated with total mortality from CVD, showing a clear dose-response relationship. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) per log GGT increase were 1.66 (1.40 to 1.98) in men and 1.64 (1.36 to 1.97) in women. In men, subgroup analyses showed that high GGT was positively associated with incident fatal events of chronic forms of coronary heart disease (Pϭ0.009), congestive heart failure (PϽ0.001), and hemorrhagic (Pϭ0.01) and ischemic stroke (PϽ0.001). No significant associations were observed for acute myocardial infarction (Pϭ0.16). In women, hazard ratios suggested associations in all subgroups; however, for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke they were not statistically significant (Pϭ0.09 and Pϭ0.07, respectively). In addition, subgroup analyses stratified by age revealed a stronger relationship of GGT in younger participants. Hazard ratios for total CVD were 2.

These findings provide further evidence that elevated blood glucose is associated with the incidence of several types of cancer in men and women.