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Background: Sedentary behavior is characterized by physical inactivity and is associated with several health risks. Previous studies try to measurement of low back muscle fatigue using EMG (electromyograhy) in a long-term driving. However results show there are no significant correlation between muscle fatigue and back pain. Method: One subject volunteered to participate in this pilot study. In this study, experiment was consisted of pre-test and long-term driving test. Pre-test was designed to compare EMG and MyotonPRO results by evoked muscle fatigue at biceps. Before the long-term driving test, we selected 32 points of subject`s back and measurement muscle characteristic using MyotonPRO. After driving test, we measured muscle characteristic using MyotonPRO. Results: Long-term driving test result shows that Frequency and Stiffness increased at right side of low back. Decrement, Creep and Relaxation was increased at left side of low back. Conclusion: These result shows that long-term driving evoked muscle`s blood supply at right side of low-back and evoked a pain or overload. Application: Low back muscle characteristic change evoked by long-term driving would be measured using by MyotonPRO.

Uniform TiO 2 nanotubes were fabricated using a self-aligned, hole patterned BCP template lithography, atomic layer deposition of TiO 2 , and reactive ion etching. Also, Ag nanoparticles were deposited onto TiO 2 nanotubes using a photochemical deposition method. Using the TiO 2 nanotubes deposited with and without Ag nanoparticles, the effect of TiO 2 nanotubes and Ag nanoparticles on the photocatalytic degradation was investigated by measuring the concentration change of the methylene blue solution under a UV light irradiation. Anatase phase TiO 2 nanotubes with 50∼60 nm height and 40∼50 nm diameter could be successfully fabricated and Ag nanoparticles with 7∼9 nm size could be also formed on the TiO 2 nanotubes. The use of TiO 2 nanotubes instead of flat TiO 2 film improved the photocatalytic effect due to the increased TiO 2 surface area and also the use of Ag nanoparticles on TiO 2 nanotubes further improved the photocatalytic effect up to 8% by slowing down the rate of electrons and holes recombination on the surface of TiO 2. However, when the coverage of Ag nanoparticles on TiO 2 nanotubes are too high, possibly due to the decreased UV penetration to TiO 2 by the increased surface area covered with Ag nanoparticles, the photocatalytic effect was decreased.

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