Background: Patients receiving chemotherapy are at increased risk for developing recurrent or post-incisional hernias (PIH). Biological materials are an alternative to synthetic mesh in contaminated fields. The impact of chemotherapy on biomaterial tissue ingrowth and integration has not been well studied. Methods: From 2008 to 2011 patients who underwent PIH repair with biomaterial mesh (Biodesign 1 ) were selected. Patients were divided into two groups: those receiving chemotherapy (CT) and those not receiving chemotherapy (NCT). Results: Forty-five patients were identified, 28 (62%) in the NCT group and 17 (38%) in the CT group. Median follow up for NCT and CT groups were 27 and 17 months, respectively. A total of 9/45 (20%) surgical site infections (SSI) were diagnosed, with 6/28 (21%) in the NCT and 3/17 (18%) in the CT group (P ¼ 0.53). Seroma formation was seen in 5/28 (18%) of NCT patients and 4/17 (23%) in CT group (P ¼ 0.46). Overall hernia recurrence rate was 22%, and the rates of recurrence were similar among the CT 3/17 (18%) and NCT 7/28 (25%) groups (P ¼ 0.42). Conclusion: The use of perioperative chemotherapy did not increase the rate of wound complications following PIH repair with biologic mesh in this group of patients.