Background Angiographic embolization is now considered the first-line therapy for acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refractory to endoscopic therapy. The success of angiographic embolization depends on the detection of the bleeding site. This study aimed to identify the clinical and procedural predictors for the angiographic visualization of extravasation, including angiography timing, as well as analyze the outcomes of angiographic embolization according to the angiographic visualization of extravasation. Methods The clinical and procedural data of 138 consecutive patients (mean age, 66.5 years; 65.9% men) who underwent angiography with or without embolization for acute non-variceal GI bleeding between February 2008 and July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 138 patients, 58 (42%) had active extravasation on initial angiography and 113 (81.9%) underwent embolization. The angiographic visualization of extravasation was significantly higher in patients with diabetes (p = 0.036), a low platelet count (p = 0.048), high maximum heart rate (p = 0.002) and AIMS65 score (p = 0.026), upper GI bleeding (p = 0.025), and short time-to-angiography (p = 0.031). The angiographic embolization was successful in all angiograms, with angiographic visualization of extravasation (100%). The clinical success of patients without angiographic visualization of extravasation (83.9%) was significantly higher than that of patients with angiographic visualization of extravasation (65.5%) (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, the time-to-angiography (odds ratio 0.373 [95% CI 0.154–0.903], p = 0.029) was the only significant predictor associated with the angiographic visualization of extravasation. The cutoff value of time-to-angiography was 5.0 h, with a sensitivity and specificity of 79.3% and 47.5%, respectively (p = 0.012). Conclusions Angiography timing is an important factor that is associated with the angiographic visualization of extravasation in patients with acute GI bleeding. Angiography should be performed early in the course of bleeding in critically ill patients.

Background Terminal ileal (TI) ulcers are occasionally detected in asymptomatic individuals and mostly resolve without any treatment. In patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), TI ulcers are infrequently observed without evidence of backwash ileitis. However, the clinical significance and natural course of the lesions are unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency and clinical implications of TI ulcers in patients with UC. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 397 patients with UC via successful TI intubation during colonoscopy. We compared the clinical characteristics of patients manifesting TI ulcers with those who did not. The natural course of TI lesions was also investigated during the follow-up periods. Results Forty-one patients (10.3%) showed TI ulcers without evidence of inflammation in the right colon. The patients with and without TI ulcers were not different in terms of baseline characteristics, disease activity and extent at the time of the UC diagnosis, proximal extension, Mayo endoscopic score at the last endoscopic examination, medication history, UC-related hospitalization, and relapse during follow-up periods. Of the 30 patients who underwent follow-up colonoscopy in patients with TI ulcers, 23 (76.7%) showed resolution of TI ulcer. In addition, patients with remaining TI ulcers did not differ in disease activity and biopsy results compared with those with resolving TI ulcers. Conclusions Discrete TI ulcers are more common in patients with UC, compared with the healthy cohort. No significant clinical impact on disease extension and severity is found.

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Let U n (f) --^n J fd(F n -F) be the Kaplan-Meier integral process constructed from a random censorship model. We prove a uniform central limit theorem for {U n } under the bracketing entropy condition and mild conditions due to the censoring effects. We also prove a sequential version of the uniform central limit theorem that will give a functional law of the iterated logarithm of Strassen type.