In reflecting on the past and present, some contemporary Black Brazilian artists working in the secular field have identified similarities between themselves and previous generations of Africans in Brazil, based on their shared experiences of racial and sexual discrimination. Artists Eustáquio Neves and Rosana Paulino create works with historical and contemporary references that highlight past and current power imbalances in Brazilian society and seek to correct them.These artists appropriate what have traditionally been White "spaces of control" in their country and confront contemporary race-related social challenges by creating in their work alternative depictions of Africans and African descendents in Brazil. Through their representations, Neves and Paulino infuse their own and other Black bodies with meaning and respect and show that they, too, have been challenged but not broken by the struggles they have faced in their lifetimes.In the past two decades, American art historians have included Brazil as an area of focus in their studies of artistic influences in the African diaspora. For example, Robert Farris Thompson and Mikelle Smith Omari-Tunkara examine artistic connections through the lens of sacred art forms related to

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