Purpose of reviewIt is now recognized that more than half of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) will have persistent symptoms beyond 3 months after their initial event. Persistent symptoms are referred to as post-PE syndrome, an umbrella term that covers a spectrum of patient complaints and underlying pathologies. Data published over the last 5 years have added significantly to our understanding of this syndrome and its management.Recent findingsUnderlying pathologies linked to post-PE syndrome include chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED), cardiac dysfunction, and deconditioning. Treatment for post-PE syndrome will depend on the underlying causative pathologies found. Evaluation and treatment for CTEPH is well defined, but less than 10% of patients with post-PE syndrome will qualify as having this diagnosis.SummaryA large percentage of patients will experience post-PE syndrome following APE. Strategies for identification and treatment for some pathologies are well studied, but the majority of patients will have subtle abnormalities on imaging and functional testing for which diagnostic criteria and management are not well defined. A number of active studies are designed to help optimize the management of post-PE syndrome and should help us improve intermediate and long-term outcomes for patients following APE.

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Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) provides an effort-independent measure of lung mechanics. IOS is more sensitive than spirometry for detecting subtle baseline abnormalities and responses to therapies or bronchoprovocation. Use in adults is limited by uncertainty about performance in individual patients, differences across commercially available devices, and the absence of reference equations derived from large, well-screened populations. We sought to construct equations to predict variability in IOS using data from STAMPEDE II.

Purpose of Review This review delineates current diagnostic and management strategies for pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD). Recent Findings The INCREASE trial, a phase III multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated both improved 6-min walk distance and decreased disease progression with inhaled treprostinil. This pivotal trial led to inhaled treprostinil becoming the first FDA approved medication for treatment of PH-ILD. The availability of this treatment has generated subsequent recommendations for the screening for PH in patients with ILD. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to gain awareness and familiarity with the evolving management options for PH-ILD. Summary The management of PH-ILD has its roots in goal-directed treatment of the underlying lung disease. However, recent medication advances and ongoing clinical studies are opening opportunities for more disease-specific treatment.