Introduction: Susac syndrome is a disease with autoimmune microangiopathic etiology of vascular endothelia that causes occlusion of arterial branches. Due to its high diagnostic complexity, it cannot be detected at the onset of the syndrome because most patients do not present the characteristic triad at a certain time, they start their picture with neurological manifestations which implies several differential diagnoses. Aim: To describe the correct management of Susac Syndrome based on the main diagnostic criteria and the efficacy of pharmacological treatment. Methods: A literature review study of articles from 2017 to 2022 on Susac syndrome was conducted in the following databases: Scopus, SciELO, Pubmed, Cochrane and Lilacs. Results: This disease is characterized by the presence of a pathognomonic triad of encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss and retinal arterial occlusion. Consequently, it is vital to use different diagnostic methods: laboratory data, imaging studies and audiometry. Treatment regimens have been proposed, establishing corticosteroids and immunomodulators as the first line of treatment. When considering pharmacological treatments, not only the severity of SS must be contemplate but also the presence of comorbidities and characteristics according to each patient in order to define the appropriate pharmacological scheme for each patient. Conclusions: Audiometric examinations are considered fundamental for the diagnosis since sensorineural hearing loss can be evidenced in low and medium frequencies, it is important to perform surgical interventions with the purpose of avoiding the progression of the syndrome.
Introducción: La muerte encefálica se define como el cese irreversible de todas las funciones cerebrales y del tronco encefálico. El oportuno manejo y mantenimiento de estas funciones vitales y corrección de las alteraciones fisiopatológicas del potencial donante hacen posible la donación de órganos, brindando una segunda oportunidad a pacientes que dependen de un trasplante. Objetivo: Describir el concepto de muerte encefálica en el paciente y su manejo actual como potencial donante de órganos y tejidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Metodología: Se desarrolló un estudio, no experimental, descriptivo, de tipo revisión bibliográfica.Resultados: El proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos posterior a muerte encefálica es un desafío en cuanto al diagnóstico y posterior manejo hemodinámico con el objetivo de mantener la perfusión de tejidos para que estos tengan vitalidad y viabilidad para ser trasplantados al paciente receptor.Conclusiones: Se recomienda utilizar un protocolo de muerte encefálica establecido y aplicarlo correctamente, para evitar problemas legales. Cuando ya se ha diagnosticado es posible realizar la evaluación para establecer si el paciente es candidato a donante o no. Los cambios fisiopatológicos que aparecen en el proceso de ME hacen que estos pacientes críticos sean manejados con cuidados extremos. El mantenimiento del donante es un desafío alto para todo el personal de salud en el área de cuidados intensivos, ya que su tratamiento es sumamente complejo y por otro lado la disponibilidad de donantes es limitada en comparación de la alta demanda de los pacientes receptores que esperan un órgano.
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