Four species of Gymnadenia are native to Kosovo: G. conopsea, G. frivaldii, G. nigra, and G. odoratissima. In this study, field expedition data, phytosociological relevés, herbarium specimens along with extensive literature sources were used to analyse vegetation and ecological characteristics, habitat types, distributional patterns as well as provide notes on conservation. Gymnadenia conopsea is distributed throughout the country, from lowlands to the alpine belt. It was recorded in various plant communities. Gymnadenia frivaldii grows in the alpine zone of mountains, close to streams and in wet meadows. Its relevés belong to the class Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae. This species is classified as “Near Threatened” (NT) in Kosovo. Gymnadenia nigra grows in subalpine and alpine grassland on preferably calcareous substrate. It has been found in almost all mountains reaching >2000 m a.s.l., and occurs in different plant communities belonging to the class: Elyno-Seslerietea. Gymnadenia odoratissima was recorded from one locality only in Kosovo, on the massif of Maja e Zezë, Sharri Mts. It was growing in degraded beech forest and meadows on silicate bedrock. Its floristically diverse relevés associate with the class: Mulgedio-Aconitetea. Of the four studied species, G. frivaldii deserves more conservation attention because of its fragile populations.

Species of the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) are characterized with a high variability of vegetative and floral characters, which makes the taxonomy of this genus difficult. In Kosovo the genus Tulipa is represented by eight taxa, which sometimes have been synonymized, erroneously identified, or misclassified. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Tulipa species originated from Kosovo, ITS and trnL-trnF DNA sequences were used. In total 55 sequences (29 ITS and 26 trnL-trnF), obtained from 14 taxa were analysed. Forty one sequences were newly generated from eight taxa collected from wild population in Kosovo and 14 sequences were obtained from GenBank. Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood trees from independent (ITS and trnL-trnF) and combined (ITS + trnL-trnF) datasets were conducted in PAUP. Based on sequence analyses, our sequences of Tulipa species grouped into two main clades, belonging to the subgenera Eriostemones and Tulipa, respectively. There is not sufficient genetic evidence to distinguish species of the T. scardica complex (T. scardica, T. serbica, T. albanica, T. kosovarica and T. luanica) as independent taxa. Despite the lower resolution of the trnL-trnF than the ITS dataset, both loci do not support the separation of taxa of the T. scardica complex as independent species.

The application of microbiological products in agriculture is becoming more and more relevant nowadays in order to reduce the use of chemical products. These products have the potential to protect plants from diseases, pests, increase yields and improve quality and are friendly to the environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the innovative biological product Sporeplus on bean growth and productivity, to evaluate the impact of the product on the prevalence of diseases. The study was carried out at Vytautas Magnus University Botanical Garden. Beans of 'Tiffany' and 'Bobas' varieties were studied by applying the microbiological product as a seed treatment and spraying the plants during vegetation with a product suspension. The highest average bean height was defined in both 'Bobas' (significantly) and 'Tiffany' (insignificantly) varieties sites, where bioproduct Sporeplus was applied for both seed treatment and for later plant spraying during vegetation. Significantly the highest average seed weight per plant was determined in beans of the 'Tiffany' variety, where the seed was treated by bioproduct and also the plants were sprayed with the microbiological product Sporeplus during the vegetation period as well. The average seed weight per plant of the 'Bobas' variety was also the highest (insignificantly) where both the seed and later the plants were treated with the microbiological product Sporeplus. The prevalence of bean rust (Uromyces fabae) was not significantly affected by the application of the microbiological product Sporeplus.

Investigations were carried out in the production fields of agricultural company Linas in Ringaudai eldership, Kaunas district. Spring wheat variety 'Koksa' was grown on non-damp, light loamy soil with a mobile phosphorus content of 173 mg kg -1 and a potassium content of 139 mg kg -1 . Soil acidity -pH 6.9-7.0. The ozonator was attached on the trailing sprayer JARMET. During the studies, the concentration of ozone-saturated water and the spray rate were determined so as not to damage the crop, pollute the environment, or harm humans or animals. The speed of the sprayer was 6 km h -1 . The application was performed 2 or 4 times. It was determined that treatment of spring wheat with ozonated water, although not always statistically significantly, however, reduced the occurrence of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), brown rust (Puccinia recondita), and inhibited the spread of aphids. A tendency for tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici repentis) and thrips decrease in the crop was observed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ozonated water application on the spread of spring wheat pests and leaf diseases.