Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma represent global health problems for all age groups. Asthma and rhinitis frequently coexist in the same subjects. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) was initiated during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999 (published in 2001). ARIA has reclassified AR as mild/moderate-severe and intermittent/persistent. This classification closely reflects patients' needs and underlines the close relationship between rhinitis and asthma. Patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are confronted with various treatment choices for the management of AR. This contributes to considerable variation in clinical practice, and worldwide, patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are faced with uncertainty about the relative merits and downsides of the various treatment options. In its 2010 Revision, ARIA developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of AR and asthma comorbidities based on the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. ARIA is disseminated and implemented in more than 50 countries of the world. Ten years after the publication of the ARIA World Health Organization workshop report, it is important to make a summary of its achievements and identify the still unmet clinical, research, and implementation needs to strengthen the 2011 European Union Priority on allergy and asthma in children.

Factors affecting the isoflavone contents of soybean seeds were studied. Isoflavone contents of seeds of varieties grown at different locations, on different planting dates, and under different temperatures during seed development were determined by HPLC analysis. Fatty acid composition and contents of DDMP-conjugated saponin were also analyzed. The isoflavone content, together with the ratio of linoleic plus linolenic acid to total fatty acid, significantly decreased in the seeds harvested after growth at a high temperature for all soybean varieties tested. A general decrease was observed for all isoflavones, rather than a decrease restricted to a single molecular species. Of the total seed isoflavones, 80-90% were located in cotyledons, with the remainder in the hypocotyls. The hypocotyls had a higher concentration of isoflavones on a weight basis compared with cotyledons. While the isoflavone content of cotyledons exhibited large changes in response to high temperature during seed development, the isoflavone content remained high in the hypocotyls. As previously reported for other saponins, the DDMP-conjugated saponin content of seeds remained stable in response to elevated temperatures during seed development. These studies provide a basis for attempts to improve seed quality by the reduction of isoflavone content.

The isoflavone constituents in soybean seeds were investigated, and 9 kinds of isoflavone glycosides were isolated from the hypocotyls of soybean seeds. Three kinds were proved to be malonylated soybean isoflavones named 6"-0-malonyldaidzin, 6"-O-malonylglycitin and 6"-0-malonylgenistin by UV, MS, IR and NMR.The malonylated isoflavone glycosides as major isoflavone constituents in soybean seed were thermally unstable, and were converted into their corresponding isoflavone glycosides. All of the isoflavone components produced intensely undesirable taste effects such as bitter, astringent and dry mouth feeling. Soybeans are known to contain the five isoflavone glycosides, genistin,^daidzin,1} glycitein 7-O-jS-D-glucoside (glycitin),2) 6"-O-acetylgenistin3) and 6"-(9-acetyldaidzin,4) and

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