The rising pressure on both cleaner production and sustainable development have been the main driving force that pushes mankind to seek for alternative greener and sustainable feedstocks for chemical and energy production. The biomass 'waste-to-wealth' concept which convert low value biomass into value-added products which contain high economic potential, have attracted the attentions from both academicians and industry players. With a tropical climate, Malaysia has a rich agricultural sector and dense tropical rainforest, giving rise to abundance of biomass which most of them are underutilized. Hence, the biomass 'waste-towealth' conversion through various thermochemical conversion technologies and the prospective challenges towards commercialization in Malaysia are reviewed in this paper. In this paper, a critical review about the maturity status of the four most promising thermochemical conversion routes in Malaysia (i.e. gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction and hydroprocessing) is given. The current development of thermochemical conversion technologies for biomass conversion in Malaysia is also reviewed and benchmarked against global progress. Besides, the core technical challenges in commercializing these green technologies are highlighted as well. Lastly, the future outlook for successful commercialization of these technologies in Malaysia is included.

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Georgios (2019) 'Monometallic and bimetallic catalysts based on Pd, Cu and Ni for hydrogen transfer deoxygenation of a prototypical fatty acid to diesel range hydrocarbons.', Catalysis today. . Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractBimetallic PdxNi(100-x) and PdxCu(100-x) structures of a wide compositional range supported on activated carbon were synthesised via a simple, cheap and commercially relevant method. The surface and bulk properties of both the bimetallic structures and their monometallic counterparts were determined via STEM-EDS, TEM, XPS, powder XRD, N2 porosimetry and ICP-OES. A close correlation between the XRD patterns and EDS elemental composition mapping of individual metal particles established the extent of palladium-base metal interaction in each sample. The performance of the different structures as catalysts for the selective hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid, a prototypical fatty acid, was evaluated using tetralin as a hydrogen donor. Catalysts displaying true bimetallic/alloy formation were found to improve the conversion of tetralin as compared to catalysts in which compositional segregation was observed. The PdxNi(100-x) series was found to outperform the PdxCu(100-x) catalysts in terms of hydrogen production via the dehydrogenation of tetralin, mirroring the fact that compositional segregation occurs more for the PdxCu(100-x) series than PdxNi(100-x). The hydrogen transfer deoxygenation of oleic acid over the monometallic and bimetallic catalysts was found to mirror the availability of hydrogen with those catalysts liberating more hydrogen also favouring the formation of C17 and C18 alkanes.

Identified green solvents of current interest for biomass pretreatment. • Discussed formation, types, materials and design methodologies of green solvents. • Reviewed potential applications of choline chloride (ChCl) based green solvents. • Existing challenges of green solvents are emphasized for future research.