The pressure effect on the small amplitude solitary waves in a complex superthermal plasma composed of electrons, ions and dust is discussed. The Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) equation and its model solution are derived using standard reduction perturbation techniques. Pressure is shown to significantly affects the existing mode in a superthermal environment. The imperative role is played here by the spectral index κ and the dust charge that strongly affect the properties of the nonlinear structures. The results obtained are compared with those acquired by the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). We see a strong correlation in the small time limit with our analytical calculations and those obtained by the HPM technique.

The specific role of ion heat flux on the characteristics of the linear and nonlinear ion temperature gradient (ηi) driven mode in inhomogeneous electron-positron-ion plasma is presented. Inhomogeneity in density, temperature, and the magnetic field is considered. A modified linear dispersion relation is obtained, and its different limiting cases are when ηi 2/3, ωD(gradient in magnetic field) = 0 and β(density ratio of plasma species) = 1 are discussed. Furthermore, an expression for the anomalous transport coefficient of the present model is obtained. Nonlinear structure solutions in the form of solitons and shocks show that mode dynamics enhance in the presence of ion heat flux in electron-positron-ion plasma. The present study is essential in energy confinement devices such as tokamak because the heat flux observed experimentally in tokamak plasma is much higher than those described by collisions. Further, it could be helpful to understand the nonlinear electrostatic excitations in the interstellar medium.

This article reviews the growth concept of silicon nanowires with an attention to semiconductor nanowires filling the gap in the knowledge from the very original work to the very recent innovative experimental work. The objectives of this article are as follows:1) To describe the original work of epitaxial growth of semiconductor nanowires, 2) To discuss the recently emerged technique of nanoscale templating controlling the growth position of nanowires, and 3) To explore the possible technological applications of position-controlled silicon nanowires. Comprehensive description of the first reported successful Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) 1-D growth of silicon crystals is given. The growth approach of bottom-up, and the supersaturation in a three-phase system of VLS is presented along with the nucleation at the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) processes. Positional assembly of silicon nanowires using current available techniques along with the recently invented one of Nanoscale Chemical Templating (NCT). Several applied and conceptional methods of developing available energy applications using nanowires are included, such as, photovoltaic (PV) cells, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET) are explained. The finial section of this review showed statistical trends in nanowires and nanorods scientific studies.

Ion temperature gradient mode nonlinear structures are studied with stationary charged dust. The dynamical role here is played by heavy ions. The small amplitude limit influence of various plasma parameters shows that the phase velocity of the mode modifies the overall plasma dynamics. Further, from the solution of the model equations we obtain Kortweg-de-Vries (KdV) and Korteweg-de-Vries Burger (KdVB) like equations, the solution of which gives solitary and shock wave nonlinear structures. Numerical analysis of these nonlinear structures shows that dust number density and polarity have a substantial impact on these structures. The present observation may be beneficial in space and laboratory plasma investigations.

A theoretical investigation of the modulational stability of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode in electron–ion plasma is presented. To examine linear features of dynamic species in plasma, we used reduction perturbation to solve Braginskii’s transportation equations and get phase and group velocities. The results reveal that ion species velocities are affected by plasma factors such as ion temperature, density, and ion temperature gradient coefficient, among others. We also find a nonlinear Schrodinger equation. This equation shows that the plasma dynamics depends on the coefficients of nonlinearity and dissipation of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. These coefficients are strongly related to the plasma variables. The present investigation may be helpful in space and laboratory plasma, e.g., fusion confinement devices.