Ovarian cancer is one of the most prevalent pathologies in gynaecology. This malignancy can be divided into 2 large groups: epithelial and non-epithelial. Because epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) are the most commonly diagnosed, this paper focuses on the latest therapies associated with this disease. Due to the difficult diagnosis, EOC is frequently detected in the advanced stage. The treatment is usually complex and requires specialist knowledge. Advances and new ideas, such as identification of various genes and molecules that can serve as prognostic factors, might increase patients' chances of survival; they may contribute to optimization of patients' treatment, deciding whether to use aggressive treatment strategies, and predicting chemoresistance. Moreover, new strategies might also improve the quality of life of patients. The study aimed to analyse and discuss the latest reports on new methods of managing EOC.

Background: Acute poisoning is a frequent emergency and a significant health concern in the pediatric population. The pattern of acute intoxication differs between countries and within each country. Poisoning depends on many factors. It can be divided into two categories (accidental and intentional), and each one has its own characteristics. Aim of the study: This study aimed to analyze and discuss the overall patterns of accidental and intentional poisoning among children and adolescents. Material and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, Elsevier, and the PubMed database. The following keywords were used: “acute poisoning”, “pediatric poisoning”, “intentional poisonings”, “unintentional poisonings”, and “suicide attempts”. Results: A total of 38 articles were included in the review. Half had been published in the last five years. The analysis focused on the characteristics of the materials and methods, results, and conclusions sections of each study. Conclusions: Unintentional poisonings dominate among younger children, with a slight male predominance. They usually occur at home and occasionally lead to severe harm or even death. The most common causes of intoxication in this population are medications and household products. The majority of poisonings among adolescents are intentional suicide attempts. Among older children, over-the-counter analgesics are the most common cause of acute poisoning. Accidental poisoning can be avoided by providing preventive educational programs to guardians and replacing potentially toxic household products with safer ones. The prevention of intentional poisoning should be based on a community support system and behavioral programs. Healthcare professionals should be familiar with poisoning and be aware of the different patterns of intoxication according to age and gender.

IntroductionAcute poisoning is a significant concern in modern pediatrics and emergency medicine, as it is the fifth leading cause of life-threatening injuries in children under 5 years of age. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the overall patterns of acute poisoning among pediatric patients admitted to the Emergency Department of the Pediatric Hospital of the Medical University of Warsaw.Material and methodsThe study is a retrospective analysis of the medical records of children aged 0–18 years admitted to the emergency department due to acute poisoning from January 2020 to June 2021 (18 months).ResultsA total of 401 children aged from 1 month to 18 years old were included in the study. It was the patient’s first poisoning in the vast majority of cases. Most cases were accidental. Acute poisoning was more common among females than males. The most common route of exposure to the poisonous substance was the oral route. The overwhelming majority of patients did not require any antidote treatment. Most children reached the hospital within 1–5 hours after taking the substance and were in generally good condition. Detergents were the most common cause of accidental poisoning, while combined pharmaceuticals and narcotics were the most common causes of intentional intoxication. No deaths were recorded.ConclusionsPediatricians and emergency department staff should be familiar with the management of acute poisoning and be aware of the changing patterns of intoxication depending on age and gender.

Introduction and objective: Pain is the most common and universal symptom among all patients with the oncological disease. Pain significantly reduces the quality of life, hinders decent functioning, and plays a significant role in the deterioration of the mental health of the patient and his close relatives. The study aimed to discuss the mainstreaming of effective pain treatment and to review various assessments and scales (including Brief Pain Inventory, Illness Perception Questionnaire and Numeric Rating Scale) concerning the psychological aspect of pain in selected neoplastic diseases.State of knowledge: We can distinguish various treatments for pain that can be divided into pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Latest studies revealed that pain treatment appears to be more and more meaningful. Various factors might influence pain perception and response to the applied treatment. Among all malignancies, special attention is paid to the pain issue in following cancers: colon cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer, that were described in this paper.Conclusions: Effective pain relief presents a positive effect, both on the physical and mental state of the patient. It also helps to maintain calm mental health among relatives. Nowadays, integration of the best methods for pain relief that are characterized as humanitarian, easily accessible and effective, seems to be one of the biggest challenges for both oncological and palliative health workers.

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