This paper reports for the first time a computational analysis of the redox properties of graphene‐supported Ru‐porphyrins as potential catalytic materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Density functional theory reveals that such catalytic ensembles can efficiently activate both CO2 and CH4 molecules indicating their generic utility as C1‐functionalization catalysts. The charge transfer from the graphene surface to the catalytic Ru centers influences the thermodynamic stability of the key reaction intermediates and therefore determines the selectivity of the electrochemical process. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 can yield CO or methane, depending on the applied potential and reaction conditions. Calculations also identified alternative paths towards methanol and formic acid.

Two endothelial cell lines were selected as models to investigate an effect of incubation with cytokine tumor necrosis factor type α (TNF-α) using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging spectroscopy. Both cell lines are often used in laboratories and are typical lung vascular endothelial cells (HMLVEC) derived from the fusion of umbilical vein endothelial cells with lung adenocarcinoma cells (EA.hy926). This study was focused on alteration of spectral changes accompanying inflammation at the cellular level by applying two resolution systems of FT-IR microscopy. The standard approach, with a pixel size of ca. 5.5 μm, determined the inflammatory state of the whole cell, while a high-magnification resolution (pixel size of ca. 1.1 μm) provided information at the subcellular level. Importantly, the analysis of IR spectra recorded with different modes produced similar results overall and yielded unambiguous classification of inflamed cells. Generally, the most significant changes in the cells under the influence of TNF-α are related with lipids-their composition and concentration; however, segregation of cells into subcellular compartments provided an additional insight into proteins and nucleic acids related events. The observed spectral alterations are specific for the type of endothelial cell line.

Formation of an excited-state complex enables ultrafast photorelaxation of dark nπ* states in GC and HC base pairs.