The study was carried out to investigate risk management and determinants of farm output among small scale poultry farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Cross sectional data were collected from randomly sampled 120 poultry farmers with the use of a well-structured questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, chart and ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that production, financial, marketing, technological and human risks are the major sources of risks encountered by the poultry farmers. Disease outbreak, high cost of medication and vaccines, insufficient fund, lack of quality feed and fragility of poultry products are some of the risk situations in poultry farming in the study area. Risk management practices among the farmers are enterprise diversification, marketing and production strategies. The result of the multiple regression model (R 2 = 0.96) revealed that age, household size, stock size, capital input, farming experience, location, cost of medication and cost of labour (p<0.01) are the major determinant of farm output among poultry farmers.This shows that better risk management determines higher farm output. Based on the above findings, the study recommends that there should be adequate institutional supports in form of credits facilities, sales of day old chicks, quality feed, vaccines and drugs in government stores to poultry farmers for improved productivity.

The study examined labour productivity and resource efficiency amongst smallholder cocoa farmers in Abia State, Nigeria. A purposive random sampling technique was adopted in selecting 60 cocoa farmers from three agricultural zones in the State. The analytical techniques used involve inferential statistics like means, frequency and percentages. Loglinear regression analysis was also used. The results show that factors influencing labour productivity among cocoa farmers include level of education, experience and planting material. Also, the determinants of output among cocoa farmers revealed that planting materials, fertilizer use and capital were significant determinants of output among cocoa farmers in the study area. The determinants of allocative efficiency show that seed was under-utilized, while farm size, labour, fertilizer and capital were over-utilized. The results further revealed that poor farm wages (labour payments) ranked highest (38.3%) among labour inhibitor in the study area. It is therefore recommended that supply of adequate capital in terms of productivity should form a policy trust in agriculture; adequate policy that would encourage provision of capital to cocoa farmers is advocated. The farmers should be encouraged to utilize their family labour efficiently in order to reduce use of hired labour which has led to increase in the cost of food crops production and decrease in farm revenue.