Background: Over the past three decades, double burden of malnutrition (DBM), a situation where high levels of undernutrition (stunting, thinness, or micronutrient deficiency) coexist with overnutrition (overweight and obesity), continues to rise in sub-Saharan Africa. Compared to other countries in the region, the evidence on DBM is limited in Nigeria. Objective: This paper aimed to determine the comparative prevalence of population-level and individual-level DBM among adolescents in two emerging cities in northern and southern Nigeria. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study among apparently healthy secondary school adolescents aged 10–18 years in Gombe (northern Nigeria) and Uyo (southern Nigeria) between January 2015 and June 2017. A multistage random sampling technique was implemented to recruit adolescents from 24 secondary schools in both cities. Measures of general obesity (body mass index) and stature (height-for-age) were classified and Z-scores generated using the WHO AnthroPlus software, which is based on the WHO 2006 growth reference. Population-level DBM was defined as the occurrence of thinness and overweight/obesity within the population. Individual-level DBM was defined as the proportion of individuals who were concurrently stunted and had truncal obesity or stunted and were overweight/obese. Findings: Overall, at the population-level in both settings, 6.8% of adolescents had thinness, while 12.4% were overweight/obese signifying a high burden of population-level DBM. Comparatively, the population-level DBM was higher in Gombe compared to Uyo (thinness: 11.98% vs 5.3% and overweight/obesity: 16.08% vs 11.27% in Gombe vs Uyo respectively). Overall, at the individual level, 6.42% of stunted adolescents had coexisting truncal obesity, while 8.02% were stunted and had coexisting general overweight/obesity. Like the trend with population-level DBM, individual-level DBM was higher in Gombe (northern Nigeria) compared to Uyo (southern Nigeria). Conclusion: High levels of population-level and individual-level DBM exist in Gombe and Uyo. However, the level of DBM (under- and over-nutrition) is higher in Gombe located in northern Nigeria compared to Uyo in southern Nigeria.

Background: Birth weight is among the most common measures for assessment of intrauterine growth, particularly in developing countries. Aberrations in intrauterine growth can result in profound sequelae in the immediate neonatal period and later in life.In Nigeria, there is generally a poor national summary of abnormal birth weight pattern. Aim of work:To describe the patterns of birth weight and associated factors among term babies delivered in an urban private hospital setting. Patients and methods: This was a single-center cross-sectional study. Records of all babies delivered from January 1 st , 2020, to December 31 st , 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Preterm deliveries were excluded from the data. Results: There were 411 term deliveries during the study period, 255 vaginal deliveries and 156 caesarean deliveries. 407 babies were from singleton pregnancies and 8 by twin pregnancies. Thirty-one (7.5%) of the term babies had macrosomia and 14 (3.4%) had low birth weights. Bivariate analysis shows statistically significant association between birth weights of term babies and type of gestation (χ 2 -11.288, p -0.002) and mode of delivery (χ 2 -9.718, p -0.035). There was however no association between birth weights and mother's age or parity and baby's sex. Conclusions:Our findings show that newborn under-nutrition (LBW) and over-nutrition (HBW) are significant public health problems even among high income mothers in Benin City.