No abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 causes multiple complications like peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and vestibulopathy. Diabetic neuropathy was one of the very common and long-term complications of DM which worsen throughout time. Postural variability and balance illness were mutual findings in DN due to lessened proprioception. Objective: The objective was to determine the frequency of elderly patients with diabetes type II having risk of Fall and impaired Balance. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. The Sample size was 133 participants surveyed through convenient sampling technique. Total time from May to October 2021 was utilized for study. Berg Balance Scale was used to determine the risk of fall in older adults having diabetes mellitus type 2. Participants were appearing for assessment for once. Data was analyzed on SPS S version 25. Results: The result showed that 76.7% patients were independent in their daily life activities. The results of our study were that total 23.3% patients were at the risk of fall. The means and standard deviation of total score of Berg Balance Scale was found to be 44.49±10.48. Conclusion: Based on findings of study it was concluded about one fourth of patients were at risk of fall and impaired balance. The adverse effects associated with diabetes mellitus like retinopathy, vestibulopathy and diabetic neuropathy may contribute to worsening balance and fall risk. Keywords: Vestibulopathy, Berg Balance Scale, Diabetic Neuropathy, Balance Impairment, Retinopathy

Objective: The study's goal was to determine the effects of hip abductors strengthening and piriformis stretching on pain, hip abductors strength, and lower extremity functional status in piriformis syndrome patients. Methodology: A total of 60 patients were diagnosed with piriformis syndrome and referred to the Physiotherapy department from the NILD Assessment Clinic. Then, using simple random sampling, 60 patients were divided into two groups: Group-A (Hip abductor and Sciatic nerve mobilisation) and Group-B (no hip abductor and sciatic nerve mobilisation) (Sciatic nerve mobilisation and piriformis stretching). Each subject's demographic data was collected prior to the intervention. Data on pain severity, muscle strength (hip extensor and abductor), and lower extremity functional scale score were collected before and after treatment. Both groups continued to take their medications according to the evaluation clinic's recommendations. Results: Patient's average age was 57.18 ± 2.64 years. Out of 60 patients 19 belongs to age 35-45 year, 13 belongs to 45-55 year and 28 belongs to age group of 55-65 year. This table explains that mean difference of NPRS and Hip Abductor strength between two groups showed p-value 0.082 and 0.100 respectively statistically non-significant result, whereas, Hip Abductor strength and LEFS showed p-value 0.001 statistically significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: According to the findings piriformis syndrome can be treated without the use of stretching, electrophysical agents, or soft tissue mobilization. Considering that piriformis insertion is on greater trochanter. The excessive hip adduction and internal rotation shown during functional movement testing were exerting tension on this muscle, resulting in sciatic nerve compression. However only Group A improved in terms of hip abductor strength. Group A demonstrated considerable improvement in strength of hip abductor and lower extremity functional scale when compared to Group B.