Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia are associated with a number of complications including kidneydamage, neurological damage, cardiovascular damage, damage to the retina or damage to feet andlegs, lethargy, impaired mental functioning and irritability. The most abundant mineral in the body iscalcium. Its abnormal levels also associated with multiple disorders. Objectives: The aim of this studywas to assess the blood glucose and calcium levels in healthy female volunteers Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted at the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 6 months, afterobtaining the ethical approval from the The University of Lahore. A total number of 60 females wereenrolled through consecutive sampling technique. Females of all age groups were included. All of thefemales had gone through routine history taking and lab investigations for the assessment of bloodglucose an calcium concentrations. Results: In this study out 60 female participants, 33.3% werebetween ages of 15-30 years, 33.3% were between age of 31-50 years and remaining 33.3% were above 50years old. All females of age group 15-30 years had normal glucose levels while single case of age group15-30 years had abnormal calcium level. The results indicated that females of above age 50 years had lowcalcium and high glucose levels due to poor nutrition and less physical activity. Conclusions: The resultsof the current study showed that females with increasing age should intake food enriched in calcium andlow glucose and adopt a physically active life style to manage normal blood glucose levels.

Intoduction: Anemia is interpreted as low blood hemoglobin values. This medical condition can both developed and underdeveloped countries. The ability of blood to transfer oxygen to tissues is affected when the hemoglobin is low, which in turn develops symptoms such as fatigue, compromised physical work capacity, and shortness of breath. Objective:This study was conductedto find out the dietary practices among pregnant females. Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study. The substantial data was collected from the gynecology department, vaccination department of Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore.Nonprobability convenient sampling criteria were utilized in the study. 150 participants were selected for the study. This sample was finalized based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. Out of 150 pregnant females, 75 anemic pregnant females were placed in the experimental group and 75 non-anemic pregnant females were assigned to the control group. The exclusion criteria suggested that non-pregnant and non-cooperative patients will not be included in the study.Results:Maximum women belonged to the age group 26-30 years, and the employment status of the women was a housewife. 45% of women also had craving for pica because of the anemia. 68% of women were falling in the category of moderate anemia. The malpractices in diet were also inducing iron deficiency like 59% of women took tea after the meal. It was also interpreted that non-consumption of beef (41% of women), chicken (22% of women), fish (58% of women), and egg (34% of women) were recorded to be more anemic.Conclusion: The current study investigated the causative factors of anemia. It was inferred that low socio-economic status and less consumption of iron-rich foods make women prone to anemia. Pregnant women are also not cognizant wit iron-absorption inhibiting foods which leads to complications and abnormalities in pregnancy outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The growth in the elderly population is predicted to expand exponentially and developing countries like Pakistan have about two-third of the global elderly population. It is vital to maintain the health of the elderly aged population to reduce disabilities and health-care cost. AIM: This study aimed to determine the health promotion practices among the older aged population in Pakistan and to explore the factors associate with adopting healthy lifestyle practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study spanning from 2019 to 2020 conducted on 317 participants of age more than 60 years in Pakistan. The participants included healthy attendants of patients visiting the outpatient clinics of different disciplines in the Liaquat National Hospital Karachi through purposive sampling technique. The health-promoting practices were assessed using Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II Questionnaire. The factors that determined the healthy practices among the elderly population were identified using independent t-test and analysis of variance and Tukey test, with a significance level of P < 0.05. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 was used for data entry and analysis. RESULTS: The highest subscale was detected from interpersonal relationships and spiritual growth. The lowest score was detected from physical activity. The scores differed significantly by occupation, education, and the marital status of the participants. Females, unmarried people, those who were less educated, and participants relying on others for financial support had lower health-promoting lifestyle scores. CONCLUSION: The overall health-promoting practices were good among the old-aged population of Pakistan. These practices differed particularly for physical activity, spiritual growth, and interpersonal relationships.