Increased use of prime agricultural land for cropping and non-agricultural uses in many tropical countries implies that crop residues become more important as a source of feed for livestock. Traditionally, much research on crop residue feeding was done by focusing on laboratory measurements of feed quality but neglect of farmers' perceptions led to disappointing results in the transfer of straw feeding technologies based upon laboratory results. Farming Systems Research (FSR) provides methodologies and concepts that bridge the gap between formal commodity research (including crop residues and by-products) and ®eld application. This paper reports the experiences of a project in India that changed the emphasis from a commodity research approach on improved crop residue feeding to a system approach by using three types of FSR. The paper ®rst reviews the achievements of on-station research on feeding systems for crop residues in terms of treatments (biological, chemical, physical) and in terms of breeding and managing cereal crops for more and better straw. Next, it discusses de®nitions and problems of FSR as encountered in the project's reorientation of livestock research and development programmes. Finally it summarizes the overall results of the three FSR approaches used in the project.

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The Present Study was conducted to find out the status of polyhouse farming in Haryana. A detailed interview schedule was developed to collect the data on present situation of poly house farming from each district Horticulture offices. Report on area under poly house farming, types of poly house and benefits to farmer in form of subsidy on construction and plantation was also studied. Through research , it was observed that in Haryana 17,71,21 m 2 area was found under poly house farming with the involvement of 1956 farmers. It was calculated that the cost of constructing poly house under 100 m 2 is 62,740/-including irrigation and labour , out of which 43,416/-is pay off by government as subsidy. Findings reveled that at the cost of 8926 of plantation, a farmer can earn 45,000 in only three months. So the Government is providing incentive or subsidy to encourage the farmer for choosing poly house farming.ikW yh gkml QkfeZ a x & [ks rh dh ubZ vo/kkj.kk iz ks feyk nfg;k ,oa fdj.k fla g jktdh; egkfo|ky;] egf"kZ n;kua n fo'ofo|ky;] jks grd] pkS /kjh pj.kfla g gfj;k.kk df"k fo-fo-fglkj ¼gfj;k.kk½ lkjka 'k orZ eku v/;;u gfj;k.kk jkT; es a ikW yhgkml [ks rh dh fLFkfr dks tkuus ds fy, fd;k x;kA ,d foLrr lk{kkRdkj lw ph rS ;kj djds jkT; ds iz R;s d ftyk ckxokuh dk;kZ y; ls tkudkjh iz kIr dh xbZ A vuq la /kku es a ikW yhgkml ds s fofHkUu iz dkjks a vkS j mu ij nh tkus okyh fofHkUu lfClMh ds lkFk&lkFk Qly iS nkokj o fdlkuks a dh Hkkxhnkjh dk Hkh v/;;u fd;k x;kA 'kks /k ds vuq lkj gfj;k.kk jkT; ea a s dq y 17]71121 oxZ eh-tehu ij ikW yhgkml [ks rh dh tkrh gS ftles a 1956 fdlku lfEefyr gS a A ,s lk vuq eku yxk;k x;k gS fd 100 oxZ eh-ds ,d ikW yhgkml dks yxkus dh dher 67]740 ftlea a s fla pkbZ o Je 'kkfey gS A bl dq q y dher dk 65 iz fr'kr [ktZ tks fd 43]416 gS ] ljdkj lfClMh ds :i es a ekQ dj ns rh gS A iz nf'kZ r ifj.kkeks a ls Kkr gks rk gS fd 100 oxZ eh-es a 8926 dh ykxr ls rhu eghus es a 45000 dek;k tkrk gS tks fd ija ijkxr [ks rh dh rq yuk es a cgq r vf/kd gS A iz Lrkouk df"k dk ikja ifjd nf"Vdks .k /khjs &/khjs cny jgk gS ] vc yks x bls ykHknk;d O;olk; ds :i es a ns [k jgs gS a A iz kS |ks fxdh ds vkxeu ds lkFk vc xa Hkhj@dBks j ifjfLFkfr;ks a es a Hkh eq ukQk ns [kuk la Hko gS A df"k dks vk/kq fud

Purpose The practice whereby a non-official sponsor brand attempts to “ambush” an official sponsor’s rights continues to threaten sporting events. A key motivator of the ensuing regulatory response is grounded in the ambiguity that ambush marketing generates, namely, by obscuring public awareness of the legitimate sponsor. However, the cognitive processes underpinning sponsorship identification have only recently been investigated empirically. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of ambush advertising on sponsorship memory. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (brand advertising: sponsorship-linked vs non-sponsorship-linked) × 2 (ambush advertisement: ambush advertisement vs filler) experimental design was used to test the impact of exposure on sponsor recall and recognition. Findings The results indicate that exposure to ambush advertising has adverse effects cognitively. When presented with a sponsorship-linked advertisement and an ambush advertisement, the participants had diminished recall of who the legitimate sponsor was, and were less likely to recognize them. Research limitations/implications This work has important theoretical implications in that it draws together the existing literature on sponsorship, advertising and cognitive fields. Moreover, on a practical level, this work informs the debate on increased regulatory intervention into ambushing practices, which is centered on tensions between balancing fair marketing practice with the rights of sponsors and event organizers. Originality/value To date, there is a paucity of research that examines the effects of ambushing in a sports sponsorship context. The unique contribution of this study is that it shows the process through which ambushing advertising adversely impacts sponsors’ rights.