Used in conjunction with other clinical information, rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency department improved the evaluation and treatment of patients with acute dyspnea and thereby reduced the time to discharge and the total cost of treatment.

No abstract

During thymic T cell development, immature CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes develop either into CD4+CD8− Th cells or CD4−CD8+ CTLs. Differentially expressed primary factors inducing the fate of these cell types are still poorly described. The transcription factor Runx3/AML-2 Runx, rust dominant factor; AML, acute myeloid leukemia is expressed specifically during the development of CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes, where it silences CD4 expression. Deletion of murine Runx3 results in a reduction of CD8 SP T cells and concomitant accumulation of CD4+CD8+ T cells, which cannot down-regulate CD4 expression in the thymus and periphery. In this study we have investigated the role of Runx3 during thymocyte development and CD4 silencing and have identified integrin αE/CD103 on CD8 SP T cells as a new potential target gene of Runx3. We demonstrate that Runx3 is necessary not only to repress CD4, but also to induce CD103 expression during development of CD8 SP T cells. In addition, transgenic overexpression of Runx3 reduced CD4 expression during development of DP thymocytes, leading to a reduced number of CD4 SP thymocytes and an increased number of CD8 SP thymocytes. This reversal is not caused by redirection of specific MHC class II-restricted cells to the CD8 lineage. Overexpression of Runx3 also up-regulated CD103 expression on a subpopulation of CD4 SP T cells with characteristics of regulatory T cells. Thus, Runx3 is a main regulator of CD4 silencing and CD103 induction and thus contributes to the phenotype of CD8 SP T cells during thymocyte development.

No abstract