Background/aims-Uveal melanoma is the commonest malignancy of the eye, with a high proportion of patients dying of metastatic disease. Tumours showing a loss of chromosome 3 and gains of chromosome 8 are associated with a worse prognosis. The eYciency of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in determining copy numbers of these chromosomes was assessed in individual tumours and related to patient survival. Methods-33 fresh frozen samples were analysed with centromeric probes for chromosomes 3 and 8. Patient outcomes were divided into two groups: (1) absence of genetic abnormalities (no genetic imbalance) and (2) presence of genetic abnormalities (genetic imbalance). The log rank test was used to compare survival, which was represented by KaplanMeier survival curves. Results-Of the 33 tumours analysed, 16showed evidence of genetic imbalances. Of these 16 tumours, 14 patients had died by the end of the study, with 10 having died of liver metastases. Of the tumours without evidence of genetic imbalances, five patients had died by the end of the study, although none had died as a result of either liver metastases or from the primary uveal melanoma. The diVerence in survival between the two groups was highly significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion-The authors have shown that FISH analysis for chromosome 3 and 8 is a reliable and eYcient technique in the analysis of fresh frozen tumour specimens and is valuable in the prediction of prognosis in individuals with uveal melanomas.

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Patients with Barrett's esophagus usually demonstrate impaired esophageal motility, which affects acid clearance, together with reduced chemo-receptor sensitivity and symptom severity. Ablative endoscopic techniques are now used to eliminate Barrett's cells. The hypothesis for this study was that ablation with argon plasma coagulation (APC) may affect esophageal sensitivity and motility in patients with Barrett's esophagus, and the aim of this study was to assess differences in these parameters before and after APC treatment. Twenty patients with Barrett's esophagus were investigated before and after APC therapy. After standard pull through manometry, water bolus aliquots were given to assess primary peristalsis and rapid water and air bolus injections to assess secondary peristalsis. Sensitivity studies were carried out using weak solutions of either hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, together with saline washouts. Onset time for typical symptoms (t), sensory intensity rating (I), and a sensory score (SS) = (t) x (I)/100 was observed. There were no significant differences in the lower esophageal sphincter pressures (13.6 mm Hg versus 12.6 mm Hg, P= 0.8) and successful test swallows (3 mm Hg versus 5 mm Hg, P= 0.5) before and after treatment, but there was a trend for secondary peristalsis to improve (air bolus 0 versus 2, P= 0.05, water bolus 0 versus 1, P= 0.07). Sensitivity studies showed a smaller sensitivity intensity rating to both acid (61 versus 31, P= 0.02) and alkaline (91 versus 64, P= 0.03) after treatment. In conclusion, we have shown no substantive changes in esophageal motility after ablation of Barrett's esophagus cells, but have demonstrated reduced sensitivity to reflux type solutions.

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