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The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant social disaster that radically affected the paradigm of current urbanization and city-center living. Responses to the disaster varied depending on related experiences, individual status, and attitudes. Thus, this research extends the previous literature by examining the effects of experiences related to the COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic status, and how perceptions and attitudes affect preferences for city-center living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea. We use data from PSSRAC (Perception Survey of Seoul metropolitan area Residential Awareness during COVID-19) of 2021. A binary logistic regression method is used to examine significant characteristics that affected the residential preference change due to “Experience,” “Status,” and “Attitude” in the COVID-19 era. The findings showed that respondents’ experience, status, and attitude related to the pandemic could have a complex effect on predictions of preference, for central or suburban living tendencies in the post-COVID-19 era. In terms of “Experience,” people who had bad experiences during the pandemic, for example, poor economic conditions were associated with suburban area living trends. For “Status,” socially and economically vulnerable groups preferred suburban residence due to the steep rise in housing prices in the city center after the pandemic. Finally, for “Attitude,” ‘value of housing for investment” was positively associated with a preference for city-center living in the post-COVID-19 era; respondents with a higher priority for maintaining remote work tended not to change their current residence. This study may provide planners, housing developers, and policymakers with meaningful implications for addressing urban changes in the post-COVID-19 era. Additionally, it is expected that this research’s ESA analysis and results can be used as a valid reference for other global cities.

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This study aims to examine the long-term population outflow of Seoul citizens who experienced COVID-19 and the factors affecting the intention to immigrate or reside in Seoul. For this purpose, a multiple regression analysis model was used, and the study's main results were as follows. First, the youth group (2030) had a relatively high intention to live in Seoul in the future. However, the phenomenon of pulling out against such demand is strong.Second, the variables affecting the long-term intention to live in Seoul were gender, age, duration of residence in Seoul, housing type, occupation type, employment type, job turnover, leisure more than work, and working from home. Third, despite the similar analysis results of housing and employment characteristics by the age groups, the youth group outflow from Seoul is more substantial because the group has been experiencing relatively more economic and residential instability than the older-aged group. Fourth, the effect of remote working during the pandemic was found to be effective in the older group, and the experience of the working system did not lead to the outflow from Seoul. Finally, economic difficulties and housing affordability issues caused by COVID-19 are likely to lead to the outflow of younger people, so housing and employment support policies are more necessary.