This study investigated oxidative stress-mediated alterations in the reproductive profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats and their amelioration by the polyherbal formulation MTEC (modified), constituted with n-hexane fractions of hydromethanol extracts of Musa paradisiaca roots, Tamarindus indica seeds, Eugenia jambolana seeds, and Coccinia indica leaves in a specific ratio. We noted a change in serum insulin levels and a modulation in carbohydrate metabolic parameters, i.e. increased fasting blood glucose level, elevated glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, along with a diminution of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in liver, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle, which confirmed the streptozotocin-induced diabetic state. Glycogen levels were decreased in the liver and skeletal tissues. A diminution in reproductive function in the diabetic state was reflected here by significant low values in reproductive organo-somatic indices, sperm count, and motility, along with serum testosterone, but high levels of testicular cholesterol and seminal vesicular fructose. A diminution in activity of the principal antioxidative enzymes along with increased levels of free radical products in the primary and accessory sex organs, as well as in sperm pellets, also confirmed the development of oxidative stress in the male reproductive organs. An increased expression of testicular proapoptotic Bax gene in diabetes also supports the elevation of testicular germ cell apoptosis in the diabetic state. Oral administration of the herbal drug MTEC (modified) at a dose of 10 mg/0.5 mL 2% Tween 80 per 100 g body weight twice daily to the diabetic rats for 28 days significantly corrected the Biomarkers and Genomic Medicine (2013) 5, 54e66 serum insulin level and carbohydrate metabolic parameters. MTEC (modified) also corrected reproductive activities by increasing organo-somatic indices, sperm count, motility, levels of serum testosterone, testicular cholesterol, and seminal vesicular fructose toward their respective control values. Oxidative stress-mediated testicular deformities in diabetes were rectified by treatment with MTEC (modified), as shown here by the increasing activities of antioxidative enzymes and decreasing levels of lipid peroxidative end-products, along with a downregulated pattern of proapoptotic Bax-a protein in testicular tissue, without any development of toxicity. Thus, MTEC (modified) has promising hyperglycemic, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic activities for curing diabetes-induced testicular disorders in a streptozotocin-treated diabetic rat model.

The present study was conducted to explore the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of hydro-methanolic (40 : 60) extract of seed of Eugenia jambolana on testicular impairment in diabetic rats. In this respect, biomarkers of oxidative stress, genomics and proteomics in testicular tissue were assessed. Side by side, glycated haemoglobin, serum testosterone, activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in serum, epididymal sperm count including reproductive organosomatic indices were evaluated. Results indicate that a significant recovery (P < 0.05) in the levels of these parameters in fraction-treated diabetic group in comparison with diabetic control. A significant recovery was noted (P < 0.05) in the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 gene towards the control after the treatment of said fraction. Histological study also focused a significant recovery (P < 0.05) in the number of different generation of germ cells at stage VII of spermatogenesis in fraction-treated diabetic group. The said fraction treatment to diabetic rat can recover the activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase significantly towards the control (P < 0.05). Finally, it may be concluded that ethyl acetate fraction of seed of E. jambolana has a promiseable remedial effect on diabetes-induced testicular dysfunctions in male rat without inducing any metabolic toxicity.

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This study was designed to focus the genetic regulation of diabetes-induced testicular hypofunction and its amelioration by ethyl acetate fraction of seed of Eugenia jambolana. In this regard, we have assessed relevant biosensors such as biochemical, spermiological, histological and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, germ cell apoptosis and androgenic key enzymes along with in situ end labelling and DNA fragmentation study. After 60 days administration of said fraction, significant recovery in the glycated haemoglobin, serum testosterone, sperm viability, hypo-osmotic swelling and nuclear chromatin decondensation were noted in fraction-treated diabetic group in comparison with diabetic control. Besides this, a significant recovery in the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, catalase, peroxidase, ∆(5) , 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase genes was noted towards the control in ethyl acetate fraction-treated group. Testicular histology focused a significant recovery in the number of different generation of germ cells at stage VII of spermatogenesis in fraction-treated group. In situ end labelling and DNA fragmentation study of testicular tissues also showed a significant recovery in fraction-treated group towards the control. These findings indicate that the ethyl acetate fraction showed outstanding antiapoptotic activity by neutralising oxidative stress as well as by the improvement in glycaemic sensors.

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