Penicilliosis is a severe disease causing high mortality in children. As an AIDS-defining illness, penicilliosis should be regarded as an indicator for underlying immunodeficiency in HIV-negative individuals. Immunological investigations should be performed, especially in those with recurrent infections. Multicentered collaborative studies are needed to collect information on long-term prognosis and define immune defects underlying penicilliosis.
Penicillium marneffei is an AIDS-defining illness. We provide the first identification of autosomal dominant gain-of-phosphorylation STAT1 mutations causing defective interferon-gamma and Th17 immunity in patients with penicilliosis, an invasive mycosis endemic in Southeast Asia.
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