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This research paper explored the issue of parenting confidence in internet supervision in Shanghai. It examined the methods used by Shanghai parents in supervising children’s Internet use, the confidence of parents in helping children to benefit from the Internet and protect them from possible threats, and the factors affecting parents’ confidence in their parenting practices. Data were collected from a household survey with a representative sample of 796 low-income families and 799 non-low-income families. Post-stratified weighting was applied to obtain representation of families with children aged 9-17 in Shanghai. Our findings show that Shanghai parents used restriction most frequently in internet supervision. More than one-fifth of parents had limited confidence in helping their children benefit from the Internet and one-eighth in protecting their children from possible Internet threats. Multiple regression models show that better Internet knowledge, an authoritative parenting style, more involvement in children’s online activities and a positive attitude towards the Internet are factors which were associated with higher parenting confidence in internet supervision. Findings suggest that efforts in assisting parents review their attitude towards the Internet and learn new supervision methods are important, especially for parents on the lower socio-economic strata.

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Study objective-The aim was to assess the extent to which a range of routinely available need recommended that the standardised mortality ratio weighting in the formula be reduced from 1-0 to 0 44 and that a new allowance for "social factors" in the form of a deprivation index, such as the Jarman 8 underprivileged area (UPA) score, should be included.4In January 1989, the Conservative government published its white paper on the future of the NHS, "Working for Patients".5 The white paper announced that from April 1990, the RAWP formula would be abolished. Yet the white paper also made it clear that the underlying principle of RAWP-an equitable geographical distribution of financial resources in relation to need-would be retained. From 1990/91, the Government simplified the former RAWP process by ending the retrospective adjustment of health authority resource "targets" for cross boundary flows and by eliminating the distinction between "targets" and actual allocations. Instead, over a two year period, regional health authorities will move to a system of funding on the basis of their resident populations, weighted to reflect the health and demographic characteristics of the population and the relative costs of providing services in different parts of the country. It is proposed that standardised mortality ratios will continue to be used as a morbidity measure, but in the form of all cause ratios under 75 years, with a weighting of 0Q5.6 There has been no mention of an allowance for needs associated with "social factors" in the new capitation formula. The Department of Health has admitted that the proposals of the RAWP review were "over precise"6 in the light of the problems which have subsequently become apparent in the analysis on which they were based.7

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